THE BIG THREE: Wishing, Doubt, and Emotion Concept: Spanish has three "moods" which reflect various states of mind. First, the indicative mood indicates facts. The subjunctive mood reflects subjective feelings and the abstract. The imperative mood reflects commands. Examples of the indicative mood are: "John goes to college" and "it is raining ". The indicative mood ONLY indicates facts. The subjunctive mood, on the other hand, reflects subjective feelings such as wishes, doubt, and emotions. For example: I hope that John goes to college I doubt that John will go to college. I am glad that John is going to college. All three cases above reveal a subjective expression on behalf of the first subject. Curiously, none of these feelings has any impact on John going to college. In cases such as these, the following pattern is used: Subject #1 + indicative verb of hope/ doubt/emotion + subject #2 + subjunctive verb. Ex. He hopes that we arrive on time. The subjunctive sentences tend to have two subjects and two verbs. However, unless you have wishing, doubt, or emotion, you will NOT use the subjunctive mood. Other uses of the subjunctive will come along later. For now, wishing, doubt, and emotion are the top three. Formation: The formation of the present subjunctive is based on the YO of the present indicative. Start with the YO (hablo, como vivo, tengo) and drop the O. You are now left with habl, com, viv, teng. For AR verbs add the following endings: e, es,e, emos,eis, en. For ER/IR verbs add these endings: a, as, a, amos, ais, an Single stem change verbs work the same in the subjunctive as they did before. Everything inside the "shoe" changes. Everything outside does not. Therefore, hablo, como vivo, tengo in the indicative become hable, coma, viva and tenga in the subjunctive. In the exercise that follows, fill in the blank with the missing verb. Remember that if the first verb is one of wishing, doubt, or emotion, then the second verb is in the subjunctive mood. OJO! Make sure that you know what the first verb means.