The Past Perfect: Had…..ed Concept: The past perfect translates as "had ……ed", such as "I had eaten; you had gone; she had studied". The "HAD" section of the verb is in a past tense, thus the name PAST perfect. Formation: To form the past perfect, take the imperfect tense of the verb HABER: (Había, habías, había, habíamos, habíais, and habían) and combine it with the PAST PARTICIPLE of the verb. To form the past participle, drop the AR, ER, IR from the infinitive and add ADO for AR verbs and IDO for ER/IR verbs. Sample past participles are hablado, comido, and vivido. Remember, this is a TWO WORD verb and it cannot be split. Once you combine HABER and the past participle, it should look like this: Había hablado= I had spoken Habías hablado =YOU had spoken Habíamos hablado= WE had spoken Notice that the past participle does not change in any way. Only the verb HABER conjugates. More examples: Había estado= I had been Habías comido= You had eaten Habían vivido= They had lived In the exercise that follows, change the verbs from the infinitive to the past perfect. Remember that there are irregular past participles for some verbs. See the section on irregular past perfects to learn about these.