|
Ancient Roman Military History
Bibliography
Websites: http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/armybibl.html
Roman Military in Britain: http://www.morgue.demon.co.uk/Pages/Biblio/index.html
Ancient Sources
Appian, The Civil Wars,
Vegetius Renatus, Flavius,
The Military Institutions of the Romans
Frontinus
General
Adcock, F. E. The Roman Art of War under the Republic,
Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1960.
Bohec, Y. le (ed.) La Hierarchie (Rangordnung) de l'armee romaine sour le
haut empire, Paris: De Boaacard,
1996, 23-31.
Campbell, B. "Teach Yourself How to be a General," JRS 77 (1`987)
13-29.
Connolly, Peter, Greece and Rome at War,
London: Greenhill books, 1981, 1998.
Connolly, Peter, The Roman Army, 1975.
Dabrowa, Edward (ed.) Roman Military Studies, Krakow:
Jagellonian University Press, 2001.
Devijver, Hubert, The Equestrian Officer's of the Roman Imperial Army,
Amsterdam: Gieben, 1989.
*DeSouza, Philip, Piracy and the Graeco-Roman World, Cambridge, 1999.
Forestier, Am. ed. The Roman Soldier, London:
A & C Black Ltd., 1928.
Gabba, E. Republican Rome: The Army and the Allies (trans. P.J. Cuff), Berkeley:
University of California Press,
1976.
Gabriel, R.A. and Metz, K.S., From Sumer to Rome: The Military Capabilities of
Ancient Armies, New York: Greenwood Press,1991.
Garlan, Yves, War in the Ancient World, trans. J. Lloyd, London, 1975.
Gilliver, C.M. The Roman Army at War, Stroud:
Tempus, 1999.
Goldsworthy, A.K., The Roman Army at War 100 BC-AD 200 ,
Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1996.
Hackett, J., Warfare in the Ancient World, New
York: Facts on File, 1990.
Harmand, Jacques. La querre antique de Sumer a Rome. Paris:
Presses universitaires de France, 1973.
Keppie, Lawrence, Legions and Veterans. Roman Army Papers 1971-2000,
Stuttgart: Steiner, 2000.
Kromayer, J. and Veith, G., Heerwesen und Kriegfuhrung der Griechen und Romer,
Munchen: Beck, 1928.
Lee, A.D. "Morale and the Roman experience of Battle," in A.B. Lloyd, (ed.)
Battle in Antiquity (1996) 199-217.
Lloyd, A.B. (ed.) Battle in Antiquity London:
Duckworth, 1996.
Macmullen, Ramsay, "The Roman Emperor's Army Costs," Latomus 43
(1984), pp. 571-580.
Marsden, E.W. Greek and Roman Artillery, Historical Development and
Technical Treatises,Oxford: The
Clarendon Press, 1969, 2 vols.
O'Neal, "Reckless Roman Commanders," CB LXVII (1991) pp. 37-43.
Parker, H.M. D. Roman Legions, New York, 1961.
Pavkovic, Michael F., The Army of Imperial Rome,
Ashgate, 2008.
Peddie, J., The Roman War Machine, Stroud: Sutton,
1994.
Povkovic, Michael F., The Legionary Horsemen: an essay on the equites
legionis and equites promoti, Ph.D. Diss. University of
Hawaii, 1991.
Rawson, E. "Literary Sources for the Pre-Marian Army," PBSR 26
(1971) 26-31.
Rosenstein, Nathan S., Imperatores victi. Military Defeat and
Aristocratic Competition in the Middle and Late
Republic,
Berkeley: The University of California Press, 1990.
Saddington, Denis B., The Development of Roman Auxiliary Forces,
Harare: University of Zimbabwe, 1982.
Sanders, Henry A. Roman Historical
Sources and Institutions,
New York: Macmillan Co., 1974.1904.
Scullard, H.H. The Elephant in the Greek and Roman World, Ithaca:
Cornell University Press 1974.
Speidel, Michael, "Centurions Promoted from Beneficiarii," ZPE
91 (1992), 229-232.
Speidel, Michael,,Work to be Done on the orhganization of the Roman Army," BIAL
26 (1989), pp. 99-106.
Westington, M.C. Atrocities in Roman Warfare to 133 B.C. Chicago, 1938.
War and Society in the Roman World, ed. John Rich &
Graham Shipley, London & NY: Routledge, 1993.
Watson, George Ronald, The Roman Soldier, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press,
1969.
Webster, Graham, The Roman Army, London: England: Grosvenor, Museum, 1956.
Wheeler, E.L., Methodological Limits and the Mirage of Roman Strategy," Journal
of Military History 57 (1993), pp. 7-41, 215-40.
Wheeler, E.L. "The legion as Phalanx," Chiron 9 (1979)
303-18.
Zhmodikov, "Roman Republican Heavy Infantrymen in Battle (IV-II centuries
BC)," Historia 49/1 (2000) 67-78.
Logistics, Training, Equipment, Structure
Anderson, J. D., Roman Military Supply in North-East England: An Analysis of and
Alternative to the
Piecebridge Formula (Oxford 1992) [BAR 224].
Bishop, M.C. and Coulston, J.C.N., Roman Military Equipment,
Aylesbury: Shire, 1993).
Bohec, Y. le (ed.) La Hierarchie (Rangordnung) de l'armee romaine sour le haut
empire, Paris: de Boccard, 1995, 23-31.
Connolly, P. "The Roman fighting technique deduced from armour and weaponry,"
in V.A. Maxfield and M.J. Dobson (eds) Roman
Frontier Studies 1989 (1991) 358-63.
Connolly, Peter, "Legion vs. Phalanx, " Military Illustrated 124
(1998), 36-41.
Gabriel, R.A. and Metz, K., From Sumer to Rome: The Military Capabilities of
Ancient Armies, New York: Greenwood Press, 1991.
Hyland, Ann, Training the Roman Cavalry: From Arrian's Tactica,
Alan Sutton 1993
).
Hyland, Ann, Equus: The Horse in the Roman World London:
Batsford, 1990).
Isaac, Benjamin, "Hierarchy and Command structure in the Roman Army," in Y.
le Bohec (ed.) La Hierarchie (Rangordnung) de l'armee
romaine sour le haut empire
(1995) 23-31.
Kern, P.B., Ancient Siege Warfare, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999.
Roth, Jonathan, The Logistics of teh Roman Army at War, 264 B. C.--A.D. 235
(1999) [Columbia
Studies in the Classical Tradition, 23].Leiden:
Brill, 1999.
Marsden, E.W. Greek and Roman Artillery. Historical Development,
Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1969.
Roman Navy
Starr, Chester G. Jr. The Roman Imperial Navy, 31 B.C.-A.D. 324 (Cornell 1941;
2nd ed. Cambridge, Heffer, 1960. Reprinted by Ares, 1993.
Starr, Chester G. Jr. The Influence of Sea Power on Ancient History (Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1989).
Kienast, Dietmar, Untersuchungen zu den Kriegsflotten der römischen Kaiserzeit,
Bonn: R. Habelt, 1966).
Lehmann-Hartleben, Karl, Die antiken Hafenanlagen des Mittelmeeres (Leipzig 1923)
[Klio, Beiheft
14].
Early Rome
Cornell, T.J., The Beginnings of Rome (London,&
New York: Routledge, 1995)
Saulnier, C., L'armée et la guerre dans le monde étrusco-romain
(VIIIe-IVe s) (Paris, 1980).
Saulnier, C., L'armée et la guerre chez les peuples samnites
(VIIe-IVe s) (Paris: Boccard, 1983)
Reforms of the Republican Army
Brizzi, Giovanni, "I Maniliana imperia e la riforma manipolare," Sileno
XVI (1990) pp. 185-206.
Bell, M.J.V. "Tactical Reform in the Roman Republican Army," Historia
14 (1965) 404-422.
Blois, Lukas, The Roman Army and Politics in the First Century B.C.
Amsterdam: J.C.Gieben,1987.
Gabba, Emilio, Republican Rome, the Army and the Allies,
Oxford: Blackwell, 1976.
Last, Hugh, "The Servian Reforms," Journal of Roman Studies 35 (1945)
30-48.
Nilsson, M.P. "The Introduction of Hoplite Tactics at Rome," JRS 19
(1929) 1-11.
Rawson, E. "Literary Sources for the Pre-Marian Army," PBSR 26 (1971)
26-31.
Smith, Richard Edwin, Service in the Post-Marian Roman Army,
Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1958.
Sumner, G.V. "The Legion and the Centuriate Organization," JRS
60 (1970).
Suolahti, J. The Junior Officers of the Roman Army in the Republican Period,
Helsinki, 1955.
Rawson, E. "The Literary Sources for the pre-Marian Army," PBSR
39 (1971) 13-31.
Battles in Chronological Order
Aequi
Volsci
Etruscans
392 Veii
390 Allia
343-341 1st Samnite War
338 Latin War
326-304 2nd Samnite War
321 Caudine Forks
309-308 War with Etruscans
298-290 War with Samnites, Etruscans & Gauls
295 Battle of Sentinum
285 Occupation of Ager Gallicus
Defeat of Gauls and Etruscans
Lake Vadimo
281-272 War with Tarentum & Pyrrhus
280 Battle of Heraclea
279 Battle of Asculum
278 Pyrrhus invades Sicily
275 Battle of Beneventum
The Punic Wars - General
Bagnall, Nigel, The Punic Wars. London: Hutchinson, 1990, 320pp.
Barker, Philip, Armies of the Macedonian and Punic Wars, 1971.
Caven, Brian, The Punic Wars,
New York: St. Martin's Press, 1980.
Cornell,T.J., N.B. Rankov and P.A.G. Sabin, (eds) The Second Punic War:
A Reappraisal, BICS Supplement 67 1996.
Head, D. Armies of the Macedonian and Punic Wars, 359 BC to 146 BC, 1982.
Sabin, P.A.G., "The Mechanics of Battle in the Second Punic War," in T.J.
Cornell, N.B. Rankov and P.A.G. Sabin (eds) The Second Punic
War: A Reappraisal, BICS Supplement 67,
London: Institute of Classical Studies,
University of London, 1996.
1st Punic War -264-241
Eckstein, A. Senate and General,
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.
Hoyos, Dexter, Truceless War: Carthage's Fight for
Survival, 241 to 237 BC, Leiden, brill, 2007.
Thompson, Wesley E. "The Battle of the Bagradas" Hermes
114(1986) 111-117
260 Naval victory at Mylae
250 Drepanum
242 Aegates Islands
229-228 First Illyrian War
225 Gauls defeated at Telamon
224-222 Defeat of Boii and Insubres
220-219 2nd Illyrian War
Hannibal
Livy, Ad urbe condita
Polybius, The Histories
Alfieri, Nereo, "La Battaglia del Metauro," Picus 8
(1988) 7-35.
Armstrong, Donald, The Reluctant Warriors, New York:
Crowell, 1965.
Arnold, Thomas, The Second Punic War,
London: Macmillan, 1886.
Baker, G. P. Hannibal,
New York: Dodd & Mead, 1929.
Canter, Howard V. "The Character of Hannibal," CJ
24 (1929) 564ff.
Caven, Brian, The Punic Wars,
New York: St. Martin's Press, 1980.
Cottrell, Leonard, Hannibal: Enemy of Rome,
New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1961.
De Beer, Gavin, Hannibal: Challenging Rome's Supremacy, New
York: Viking, 1970.
Delbrueck, Hans, History of the Art of War within the Framework
of Political History; Vol. 1, Antiquity,
Westport, Ct.: Greenwood Press, 1975.
Dodge, Theodore A.
Hannibal: A History of the Art of War among the Carthaginians and the Romans
down to
the Battle of Pydna 168
B.C. Boston: Houghton, 1891, 2
vols.
Dorey, T. A. & D. R. Dudley, Rome Against Carthage,
London: Secker & Warburg,1968.
Freshfield, Douglas, Hannibal Once More,
London: E. Arnold, 1914.
Fuller, J. F. C. A Military History of the Western World, New
York: Da Capo Press, 1954. 3 vols.
Grant, Michael, The Army of the Caesars. New York: Charles
Scribner, 1978.
Grundy, G. B., "The Trebbia and La ke Trasimene," Classical
Review 10 (1896) 284ff.
Grundy, G. B., "The Trebbia and La ke Trasimene,"
Journal of Philology 24 (1896) 83ff.
Hoyos, Dexter, Hannibal's Dynasty,
Lamb, Harold, Hannibal: One Man Against Rome, Graden City,
N.J.: Doubleday, 1958.
Lazenby, J. F. Hannibal's War, London: Aris & Phillips,
1978.
Liddell Hart, Basil, A Greater Than Napoleon: Scipio Africanus,
London: Blackwood and Sons, 1926 (3rd
edition 1992?)
Macdougall, P. L. The Campaigns of Hannibal
Morris, William O.
Hannibal, Soldier, Statesman,
Patriot, NY: E. Putnam, 1897.
O'Connell, Robert,"The Roman killing Machine,
" Quarterly Journal of Military History (Autumn, 1988) pp.
30-41.
Rings, Guido, "Der Zweiten Punische Krieg. Anmerkungen zur
Historiographie von Kriegsausbruch und
Kriegsfolgen,"
Militärgeschichtlichen Mitteilungen 56 (1997) Heft. 1 157-162.
Schmitt, Tassilo, Hannibal's Siegeszug: historiographische
und historische Studien vor allemzuPolybios und
Livius, ,Quellen und Forsch zur
Antiken Welt #10 Munchen 1991 388pp.
Scullard, Howard Hayes, Scipio Africanus in the Second Punic War
2nd ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1930.
Shean, J.F., 'Hannibal's Mules: The Logistical Limitations of
Hannibal's Army and the Battle of
Cannae, 216 BC', Historia 45 (1996),
159-187.
Smith, R. Bosworth, Rome and Carthage,
Warmington, B. H. Carthage. New York: Praeger, 1960.
Wise, Terence, The Armies of the Carthaginian Wars 265-146 B.C. London:
Osprey Series, 1988.
Siege of Saguntum, 219 B.C.
Heubner, Frederike, "Hannibal und Sagunt bei Livius," Klio LXXIII
(1991) 70-82.
Crossing the Rhone
Bryhim, S. O. "Hannibal's Elephants and the Crossing of the
Rhone," CQ XLI (1991) 121-125.
Crossing the Alps
De Beer, Gavin, Alps and Elephants,
New York: Dutton, 1956.
Law, Wiilliam John, The Alps of Hannibal,
London: Macmillan, 1866.
Torr, Cecil, Hannibal Cross the Alps,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1911.
Wilkinson, Spenser, Hannibal's March Through the Alps,
Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1911.
Trasimene
Trebbia
Marchetti, G. & Aglio, P.L. dall' "Geomorfologia e vicende
storiche nel territorio piacentino, I: la battaglia del Trebbia (218 a.C.) Atti del
Geol. della Univ. di Pavia 30 (1982) 142-160.
Susini, G. "In margine alla battaglia della Trebbia" RSA
13-14 (1983-1984) 69-74.
Cannae
Lazenby, J.F. Hannibal's War, Aris & Phillips, Warminster, 1978. 74-86
Samuels, M. "The reality of Cannae," Militargeschichtliche Mitteilungen
47 (1990) 7-29.
Metaurus
Creasy,
The Metaurus, in: he Six
decisive Battles of the World
Henderson, B. W., The
Campaign of
the Metaurus,"
reviewed:
English Historical Review
13 (1898) p.417
reviewed
by Oehler,
Berliner philologische
Wochenschrift,
9 (1899) p.428 .
"Tomb
of Hasdrubal and Battle of the Metaurus,
"
Journal Section(s):
NOTES,
Notes
and Queries .4:1:4 (1868:Jan. 25) p.69
Burck, Erich,
"Die Endphase der
Schlacht am Metaurus bei Silius
Italicus (Punica 15, 759-16, 22),"
Wiener Studien,
n.s.:16=95 (1982) p.260
Zama
H.H. Scullard, "The Site of the Battle of Zama" in Polis
and Imperium. Studies in Honour of Edward Togo Salmon, Toronto, 1974 35-58.
215 First Macedonian War
200-196 Second MacedonianWar
Cynocephalae
Hammond, N.G.L., "The Campaign and Battle of Cynocophalae (197
B.C.) JHS 108 (1988) 60-82.
192-189 War with Antiochus
191 Thermopylae
190 Magnesia
171-167 Third Macedonian War
168 Pydna
cf. Markov
Macedonia
Livy
Polybius
Adcock, F. E. The Greek and Macedonian Art of War, Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1957.
Barker, Philip, Armies of the Macedonian and Punic Wars,
1971.
Beaufoy, Col., "On Hannibal's Softening of the Rocks of the
Alps with Vinegar," Annals of Philosophy 9,52 (April, 1817) 328ff.
Berthold, Richard M. "The Army and Alexander the Great 's
Successors," Strategy and Tactics 152 (June 1992) pp. 45-47.
Bickerman, Elias J. "Hannibal's Covenant," American
Journal of Philology 73 (1952) 1ff.
Breckenridge, james D., "Hannibal as Alexander," Ancient
World 7:3/4 (1983: July/Aug) 111-128.
Cambridge Ancient History Vol. 7 1954.
Delbrueck, Hans, History of the Art of War, Vol. 1 Antiquity,
Westport, Ct.: Greenwood press, 1975.
Hahn, I., "Appian und Hannibal," Academia Scientiarum
Hungarica, Acta Antiqua 20:1/2 (1972) 95ff.
Hammond, N.G.L. Hammond, "The Battle of Pydna" JHS
104 (1984) 31-47.
Jouquet. Pierre, Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic World:
Macedonian Imperialism and the Hellenization of the East (2 vols.)
Ares Press, 1978.
J. LAZENBY, Was Maharbal Right? In: T. J. CORNELL, B. RANKOV,
P.A.G. SABIN (Hgg.), The Second Punic War. A Reappraisal, London 1996, 39-48.
McKeever, Dr. "On Hannibal's Passage Through the Alps," Annals
of Philosophy n.s. 5,3 (March 1823) 193ff.
Seaton, Stuart, The Successors, London: Charnwood, 1987.
Tarn, W. W. Hellenistic Military and Naval Developments,
London: Ares Publishers, 1975.
Tarn, W. W. Hellenistic Civilization, New York: Dutton, 1989.
In German:
W. OTTO, Eine antike Kriegsschuldfrage: die Vorgeschichte des 2. Punischen
Krieges, HZ 145,1932,489-516 (wieder abgedr. in: K. CHRIST (Hg.), Hannibal (WdF
371), Darmstadt 1974, 77-108)
G. de SANCTIS, Annibale e "la Schuldfrage" d'una guerra antica, Problemi di
storia antica, Bari 1932, 161-186 (dt.: Hannibal und eine "Kriegsschuldfrage"
der Antike, in: K. CHRIST (Hg.), Hannibal (WdF 371), Darmstadt 1974, 109-133)
F. OERTEL, Der Ebrovertrag und der Ausbruch des Zweiten Punischen Krieges,
Rheinisches Museum 81,1932,221-231
W. KOLBE, Die Kriegsschuldfrage von 218 v. Chr. Geburt, in: SB Heidelberger Akad.
D. Wiss.,. phil.-hist. Kl., Jg. 1933/34, Nr. 4, Heidelberg 1934
W. HOFFMANN, Die römische Kriegserklärung an Karthago im Jahre 218, Rheinisches
Museum 94,1951,69-88
H.H. SCULLARD, Rome's Declaration of War on Carthage in 218 B.C., Rheinisches
Museum 94,1952,209-216 (dt.: Roms Kriegserklärung an Karthago im Jahr 218 v. Chr.,
in: K. CHRIST (Hg.), Hannibal (WdF 371), Darmstadt 1974, 156-166)
J. CARCOPINO, Le traité d'Hasdrubal et la responsibilité de la deuxième guerre
punique, REA 55,1953,258-293
T.A. DOREY, The Treaty with Saguntum, Humanitas 11/12,1959/60,1-10
A.E. ASTIN, Saguntum and the Origins of the Second Punic War, Latomus
26,1967,577-96
P. BENDER, Untersuchungen zur Vorgeschichte des Zweiten Punischen Krieges, Diss.
Hamburg 1956
H.-C. EUCKEN, Probleme der Vorgeschichte des Zweiten Punischen Krieges, Freiburg
1968
K.W. WELWEI, Die Belagerung Sagunts und die römische Passivität im Westen 219 v.
Chr., Talanta 8/9,1977,156-73
E. RUSCHENBUSCH, Der Beginn des 2. Punischen Krieges, Historia 27,1978,232-34
K.-H. SCHWARTE, Der Ausbruch des zweiten Punischen Krieges. Rechtsfrage und
Überlieferung, Wiesbaden 1983
D. VOLLMER, Symploke. Das Übergreifen der römischen Expansion in den
griechischen Osten (Untersuchungen zur römischen Außenpolitik am Ende des 3. Jhs.
v. Chr.), Stuttgart 1987
K.W. WELWEI, Die Belagerung Sagunts und die römische Passivität im Westen 219 v.
Chr., Talanta 8/9,1977,156-73
U. HÄNDL-SAGAWE, Der Beginn des 2. Punischen Krieges. Ein historisch-kritischer
Kommentar zu Livius Buch 21, München 1995
J. RICH, The Origins of the Second Punic War, in : T. J. CORNELL, B. RANKOV,
P.A.G. SABIN (Hgg.), The Second Punic War. A Reappraisal, London 1996, 1-37
P. BENDER, Rom, Karthago und die Kelten, Klio 79,1997,87-106
K. BRINGMANN, Der Ebrovertrag, Sagunt und der Weg in den Zweiten Punischen Krieg,
Klio 83,2001,369-376
M. DE LAVIS-TRAFFORD, L'identification du col alpin franchi par Hannibal.
Travaux de la Société d'Histoire et d'Archéologie de Maurienne 13,1956,109-200
E. MEYER, Hannibals Alpenübergang, Museum Helveticum 15,1958,227-241
E. MEYER, Noch einmal Hannibals Alpenübergang, Museum Helveticum 21,1964,99-102
(beide Ausätze wieder abgedr. in: K. CHRIST (Hg.), Hannibal (WdF 371), Darmstadt
1974, 195-221)
D. PROCTOR, Hannibals March in History, Oxford 1971
E. DE SAINT-DENIS, Encore l'itinéraire transalpin d'Hannibal, REL
51,1973,122-149
J. SEIBERT, Der Alpenübergang Hannibals. Ein gelöstes Problem? Gymnasium
95,1988,21-73
H. DELBRÜCK, Geschichte der Kriegskunst (I: Das Altertum), Berlin 19203, hier:
321-351
A. GRAF VON SCHLIEFFEN, Die Schlacht bei Cannae, in: Ges. Schriften 1, Berlin
1913, 27-30; 265-66 (wieder abgedr. in: K. CHRIST (Hg.), Hannibal (WdF 371),
Darmstadt 1974, 222-226)
W. JUDEICH, Cannae, HZ 136,1927,1-24
J. KROMAYER, Antike Schlachtfelder, 4 Bde., Berlin 1903-1931 (hier : Bd. 3, 1,
1912, 278-388 u. 4, 1931, 610-625)
P. KUSSMAUL, Der Halbmond von Cannae, Museum Helveticum 35,1978,249-257
W. HOFFMANN, Hannibal und Sizilien, Hermes 89,1961,478-494 (wieder abgedr. in:
K. CHRIST (Hg.), Hannibal (WdF 371), Darmstadt 1974, 335-357
J. v. UNGERN-STERNBERG, Capua im Zweiten Punischen Krieg, München 1975
D.-A. KUKOFKA, Süditalien im Zweiten Punischen Krieg, Frankfurt 1990
T. SCHMITT, Hannibals Siegeszug. Historiographische und historische Studien vor
allem zu Polybios und Livius, München 1991
Ed. MEYER, Hannibal und Scipio, in: E. MARCKS, K.A. VON MÜLLER (Hgg.), Meister
der Politik, Bd. 1, Stuttgart, Berlin 2. Aufl. 1923, 65-117
W. SCHUR, Scipio Africanus und die Begründung der römischen Weltherrschaft,
Leipzig 1927
H. BENGTSON, Scipio Africanus. Seine Persönlichkeit und seine weltgeschichtliche
Bedeutung, HZ 168,1943,487-508
H.H. SCULLARD, Scipio Africanus: Soldier an Politician, London 1970
K. CHRIST, Hannibal und Scipio Africanus, in: DERS., Römische Geschichte und
Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Band 1, Darmstadt 1982, 1-15
K.-H. SCHWARTE, P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus d. Ältere. Eroberer zwischen West
und Ost, in: K.-J. HÖLKESKAMP, E. STEIN-HÖLKESKAMP (Hgg.), Von Romulus zu
Augustus. Große Gestalten der römischen Republik, München 2000, 106-119
149-146 Third Punic War
149-148 Fourth Macedonian War
147-139 War with Viriathus in Spain
143-133 Numantine War
136-132 Slave Wars in Sicily
111-105 Jugurthine War
Allen, Walter Jr., "The Source of Jugurtha's Influence in the
Roman Senate," Classical Philology 33 (1938: Jan/Oct) 90.
Canter, H.V., "The Chronology of Sallust's Jugurtha,"
Classical Journal 6 (1910/11) 290ff.
Scanlon, Thomas F. "Textual Geography in Sallust's The War With
Jugurtha," Ramus 17,2 (1988) 138ff.
Thielscher, Paul, "Die Schlacht am Muthul nach Sallust,
Jugurtha 48,2 - 54,4," Klio 29 (1936) 173-201.
105 Arausio
104-100 2nd Slave War in Sicily
101 Cimbri Deafted at Vercellae
190-188 Italian or Marsic War
89-95 First Mithridatic War
88 Massacre of Italians in Asia
86 Chaeronea
Orchomenus
74-63 Third Mithridatic War
Roman Slave wars 140-70 B.C.
Bradley, R. Keith, "The Roman Slave Wars 140-70 B.C."
in Forms of Control . . .
Revolt of Spartacus 73-71
B aldwin, Barry, "Two Aspects of the Spartacus Slave
Revolt," Classical Journal 62 (1966/67) 289ff.
Doer, Bruno, "Spartacus," Altertum 6,4 (1960)
217.
Doi, Masaoki, "On the Negotiations between the Roman State and
the Spartacus Army," Klio 66,1 (1984) 170.
Homes, T. Rice, Caesar's Conquest of Gaul,
Jullian,Camille, Vergingetorix, Paris, 1965.
Kamienik, Roman, "Spartacus und die
Seeraeuber," Altertum 27,2 (1981) 119ff.
Marshall, B.A., "Crassus and the Command Against
Spartacus," Athenaeum n.s. 51 (1973) 109ff.
Muenzer, F. "Der erste Gegner des Spartacus," Philologus
55 (1896) 387ff.
Rubinsohn, Ze'ev, "Spartacus Uprising and Soviet Historical
Writing," JRS 81 (1991) 192-193.
Scarborough, John, "Reflections of Spartacus," Ancient
World 1,2 (1978) 75-81.
Ziegler, Konrat, "Die Herkunft des Spartacus," Hermes
83 (1955) 248ff.
Julius Caesar
Appian, The Civil War, New York, 1964.
Caesar, Julius,The Gallic War
Caesar, Julius, The Civil War
Collins, John H. "Caesar as a Political Propagandist," Aufstieg und
Niedergandg der Romischen Welt, I,1 pp. 922-966.
R ambaud, Michel, L'art de la deformation historique dans les Commentaires de Cesar,
(Paris, 1966, 2nd ed.)
Wiseman, Ann, Julius Caesar: The Battle for Gaul, London: Chatto and
Windus, 1980.
Balsdon, J.V.P.D., Julius Caesar and Rome, Harmondsworth, England:
Penguin, 1971.
Buchan, John, Julius Caesar, 1932.
Connolly, Peter, Greece and Rome at War, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall,
1981.
Conway, R. S. Makers of Europe, 1931.
Cuff, P. J. "Caesar the Soldier," G & R 4 (1956) 29-35.
Delbrueck, Hans, History of the Art of War, Vol. 1, Antiquity, Westport, CT:
Greenwood Press, 1990.
Dodge, T. A. Caesar: A History of the Art of War, 1892.
Dodge, T. A., Great Captains, 1968.
Ferrero, G. The Life of Caesar, 1933.
Fowler, W. Warde, Julius Caesar, 1891.
Froude, James A. Caesar: A Sketch, 1879.
Fuller, J.F. C. Julius Caesar: Man, Soldier, Tyrant, New York: Da Capo, 1965.
Fuller, J.F. C. , A Military History of the Western World, Vol. 1 From Earliest
Times to the Battle of Lepanto,
New York: Da Capo,
1954.
Gabriel, Richard A. The Culture of War, Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1990.
Gabriel, Richard A. and Karen S. Metz, From Sumer to Rome: The Military
Capabilities of Ancient Armies,
Westport, CT:
Greenwood Press, 1991.
Grant, Michael, Julius Caesar, 1969.
Gundolf, Friedrich, The Mantle of Caesar, 1928.
Hardy, Ernest G. Some Problems in Roman History, 1924.
Hackett, General Sir John, Warfare in the Ancient World, London: Sidgwick
and Jackson, 1989.
Harmand, Jacques, Les celtes sau seconde age du fer, Paris, 1970.
Harmand, Jacques, Vercingetorix et Alesia, Paris, 1995.
Hignett, C. "The Conquest of Gaul," Cambridge Ancient History Vol. 9,
pp. 550ff (1st edition).
Hillman, Thomas P., "Strategic Reality and the Movements of Caesar, January 49
BC," Historia 37 (1988), p. 248-252.
Holmes, T. Rice, The Roman Republic and the Founder of the . . . 1923.
Holmes, T. Rice, Caesar's Conquest of Gaul, Oxford, 1931 2nd ed.
Judson, Harry Pratt, Caesar's Army, 1888.
Klotz, Alfred, "Der Helvetierzug. Zur Glauwurdigkeitvon Caesars Commentarii de
bello Gallico," Neue Jahrbucher fur das
Klassische Altertum 35 (1915), pp. 609-32.
Kloevekorn, Die kampfe Caesars gegen die Helvetier im jahre 58 v Chr.
Leipzig, 1889.
Lendon, J.E., "The rhetoric of combat: Greek military theory and Roman
culture in Julius Caesar's battle
descriptions," Classical
Antiquity 18/1 (1999) 273-329.
Mainzer, Fredinand, Caesar's Mantle
O'Connell, Robert L. "The Roman Killing Machine," Quarterly Journal
of Military History (Autumn, 1988) pp. 36-39.
Oman, Charles William, Seven Roman Statesman of the Later Republic, 1902.
Payne-Galwey, "The Artillery of the Carthaginians, Greeks and Romans," Journal
of the Royal Artillery 58 (1) (April 1931) pp. 34-40.
Rambaud, Michel, l'Art de deformation historique dans les Commentaires de
Cesar, Paris, 1966, 2nd ed.
Schmittlein, Raymond, Avec Cesar en Gaule, Paris, 1970.
Stevens, C.E. "The 'Bellum Gallicum' as a work of propaganda," Latomus
11 (1952) p.
Stoessel, Franz, "Caesars Politik und Diplomatie im Helvetierkrieg," Schweizer
Beitrage zur allgemeinen Geschichte 8 (1950), pp. 5-36.
Todd, Malcolm, Roman Britain, London: Fontana, 1981.
Veith, Georg, Geschichte der Feldzuge C. Julius Caesars, Vienna, 1906.
Watson, G. R. The Roman Soldier, Ithaca: NY: Cornell University Press, 1969.
Walter, Gerard, Caesar: A Biography
W alzer, Gerold, Caesar und die Germanen. Studien zur politischen Tendenz romischer
Feldzugberichte,
Wiesbaden, 1956.
Gallic Wars
Armstrong, Donald, "The Blitzkrieg in Caesar's Campaigns," Classical
Journal 37 (1941/42), pp. 138-143.
Bloch, Gustave, Les origines, la Gaule independante, et la Gaule Romaine,
(Volume 1,2 of Ernest Lavisse, ed.
Histoire de la France Illustre
(Paris, 1900-1911, 9 vols.)
Cagniart, Pierre F., "Studies on Caesar's Use of Cavalry during the Gallic
War," Ancient World 23 (1992), pp. 71-85.
Colombe, Georgess, Vercingetorix. Histoire du Pays gaulois depuis ses
origines jusqu'a la conquete romaine, Paris, 1947.
Conley, Duane T., "Causes of Roman Victory presented in the Belllum Gallicum:
Caesar the Commander vs. Other Factors," Helios 10,2 (1983), pp.
173-186.
Delbrueck, Hans, History of Warfare, Vol. 1
Deyrer, Alain, "La Guerilla gauloise pendant la guerre des Gaules (58-50 avant
J.C.)," Etudes Celtiques 24 (1987), pp. 145-83.
Fuller, J.F.C., Julius Caesar, Man, Soldier, Tyrant, London, 1965.
Furger-Gunti, Andres, Die Helvetier. Kulturgeschichte eines Keltenvolkes,
Zurich, 1986.
Gardiner, Jane F. "The Gallic Menace in Caesar'spropaganda," Greece and
Rome 30 (1983), pp. 181-189.
Goudineau, Christian, Cesar et la Gaule, Paris, 1990.
Hignett, C. "The Conques of Gaul," Cambridge Ancient History 1st
edition, vol 9, pp. 550ff.
Jullian, Camille, Vercingetorix, Paris, 1965.
Le Gall, Joel, La bataille d'Alesia
Lieberg, Godo, Caesars Politik in Gallien: Interpretationen zum Bellum
Gallicum
Harmand, Jacques, Vercingetorix et Alesia, Paris, 1995.
Harmand, Jacques, Une campagne cesarienne: Alesia, Paris, 1967.
Harmand, Jacques, "Une composante scientifique du Corpus Caesarianum: le portrait
de la Gaule dans De Bello
Gallico I-VII" in Aufstieg und
Niedergang der Romischen Welt 1:3, pp. 522-95.
Hemmerdinger, Bertrand, "Le denombrement des tribus Helvetes chez Cesar (BG
1.29)," Bollettino dei Classici 11 (1990), pp. 204.05.
Hignett, C. "The Conquest of Gaul," Cambridge Ancient History
Vol. 9,
Holmes, R ice, Caesar's Conquest of Gaul, 1911.
Hough, John N. "Caesar's Camp on the Aisne," Classical Journal 36
(1940/41), pp. 338-345.
Jimenez, Ramon, Caesar Against the Celts, New York, 1996.
Klotz, Alfred, "Der Helvetierzug. Zur Glaubwurdigkeit von Caesars Commentarii
de bello Gallico," Neue
Jahbucher fur das klassische Altertum 35 (1915), pp. 609-32.
Kloevekorn, Heinrich, Die Kampfe Caesars gegen die Helvetier im jahre 58v Chr.
Leipzig, 1889.
Lazenby, J.F., "The Conference at Luca and the Gallic War," Latomus
18 (1959) pp. 67-76.
Lieberg, Caesars Politik in Gallien. Interpretationen zm Bellum
Gallicum,
Markale, Jean, Vercingétorix, Monaco : Editions du Rocher, 1995.
Meyer, Ernst, "Die Zahl der Helvetier bei Cesar," Zeitschrift fur
Schweizerische Geschichte 29 (1949), pp. 65-70.
Moreau, J., Dictionnaire de geographie historique de la Gaule et de la France,
Paris, 1972.
Muller, B.A. "Die Zahl der Teilnehmer am Helvetierfeldzug in Jahre 58 v Chr.
Ge.," Klio 9 (1909), opp. 69-75.
Napoleon III, Histoire de Jules Cesar, New York, 1866.
Pareti, Luigi, "Quanto erano i belgi ai tempi di Cesare?" Athenaeum
n.s. 22 (1944), pp. 63-71.
Pelling, C.B.R. "Caesar's Battle Descriptions and the Defeat of Ariovistus," Latomus
40 (1981) 747.
Potier, René, Le génie militaire de Vercingétorix et le mythe Alise-Alesia,
Clermont-Ferrand, Éditions Volcans,
1973.
Quinche, Eugene, Les Helvetes. Divico contre Cesar (109 a 52 av. J.C.),
Paris, 1948.
Radin, Max, "The promotion of Centurions in Caesar's Army," Classical
Journal 10 (1914/15), pp. 300-311.
Redde, Michel et Benard, J., L'armee romaine en Gaule
Schmittlein, Raymond, Avec Cesar en Gaule, Paris, 1970.
Simon, Andre, Vercingetorix, heros republicain, Paris, 1996.
Stevens, C.E. "The 'Bellum Gallicum' as a work of Propaganda," Latomus
11 (1952), pp. 3-18.
Stocker, Arthur F., "The Legis Dies of Caesar's Command in Gaul," Classical
Journal (1960-61), pp. 242-248.
Stofffel, Francois, Histoire de Jules Cesar, Paris, 1887, 2 vols.
Stoessl, "Caesars Politik und Diplomatie im Helvetierkrieg," Schwiezer
Beitrage zur allgemeinen Geschichte 8 (1950) pp. 5-36.
Swain, George R., "Caesar's Strategy in the Gallic War," Classical Journal
3 (1907/08), pp. 67-73.
Veith, Georg, Geschichte der Feldzuge C. Julius Caesars, Vienna, 1906.
Vercingétorix et Alésia : Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Musée des antiquités
nationales, 29 mars-18 juillet 1994.
Paris : Réunion des Musées nationaux, 1994 .
Waller, Arthur T., "Where did Caesar Defeat the Usipetes and
Tencteri?", Classical Journal 17 (1921/22), pp. 77-86.
Walser, G. Bellum Helveticum. Studien zum Beginn der Caesarischen
Eroberung von Gallien,
Zecchini, Giuseppe, Cassio Dione e la guerra gallica di Cesare , Milano: Vita e pensiero, 1978.
Caesar's Invasion of Britain 55-54 B.C.
Airy, George B. Essays on the Invasion of Britain by Julius Caesar. DA 145
A 27.
Belfiglio, Valentine J., "Roman Amphibious Operations Against Britain in 55
B.C.," Military and Naval History Journal
(March, 1998) 3-13.
Belfiglio, Valentine J., "The Roman Amphibious Assault Against Britain in 54
B.C.", Military and Naval History Journal,
( March 2000), pp. 15-21.
Born, Lester, K. "Caesar: The Art of Command," Classical Journal 23
(1927-28), pp. 94-106.
Brady, S.G. "Caesar and Britain," Classical Journal 47,8 May
1952, pp. 305-317.
Burne, Alfred Higgins, The Art of War on Land, Harrisburg, Pa., 1947.
Cardwell, Rev. E. "The Landing Place of Julius Caesar in britain," Archaeologia
Cantiana 3 (1860), pp. 1-18.
Deutsch, Monroe E., "Caesar and the Pearls of Britain," Classical Journal
19 (1923/24), pp. 503-505.
Ellis, Peter B. Caesar's Invasion of Britain NY, 1978.
Frere, Shepherd, Brittania
Hawkes, Christopher, "Britain and Julius Caesar," Proceedings of the
British Academy 63 (1977) pp. 125-192.
Hawkes, Christopher, "the Belgae of Gaul and Britain," Archaeology Journal
87 (1930)
Hawkes, Christopher, "Caesar's Britain: an oppidum for Cassivelaunus," Antiquity
54, 210 (March 1980), pp. 138-139.
Hill, Victor, D., "Background versus Battlegrond in Caesar's Gallic Wars," Classical
Journal 27 1931/32), pp. 581-595.
Holmes, T. Rice, Ancient Britain and the Invasions of Julius Caesar, Oxford,
1907.
Hussey, R.C., "On Caesar's landing Place in Britain," Archaeologia
Cantiana 1 (1858), pp. 94-110.
Jenkins, Rev. H., "On Caesar's Passage of the Thames," Journal of the
British Archaeological Association, 16 (1860), pp. 133-145.
Lashbrook, Austin, M. "Caesar and the Natives," Classical Journal 63
(1967/68), pp.341-346.
Legg, Rodney, Romans in Britain
Malden, H.E., "Caesar's Expeditions to britain," Journal of Philology
17 (1888), pp. 163-178.
Mitchell, S., "Cornish Tin, Julius Caesar, and the Invasion of Britain," in
C. Derough, Studies in Latin Literature, Vol. 3, pp. 80-99, Collection Latomus,
1983.
Murphy, Charles T., "The Use of Speeches in Caesar's Galic Wars," Classical
Journal 45 (1949/50), pp. 120-126.
Murray, E.W., "Caesar's Fortifications on the Rhone," Classical Journal 4
(1908/9), pp. 309-320.
Pelling, C.B.R., "Plutarch on the Gallic Wars," Classical Bulletin 60
(1984), pp. 88-99.
Peskett, A.G., "Caesar's Invasion of Britain,"Journal of Philology 19
(1891), pp. 691-201.
Potter, T.W. & Johns, C., Romain Britain
Ridgeway, William, "Caesar's Expedition to Britain," Journal of
Philology 19 (1891), pp. 193-210.
Salway, Peter, Oxford Illustrated History of Britain, ch. 2 "The
Expeditions of Caesar"
Scullard, H.H., Roman Britain: Outpost of the Empire
Sherwin-White, A.N., "Caesar as an Imperialist," Greece and Rome 3
(1956/57), pp. 36-45.
Stanhope, Earl, "Correspondence Respecting Tides in the Dover Channel," Archaeologia
39,2 (1863), pp. 279-302.
Stanhope, Earl, "On the Day of Caesar's Landing in Britain," Archaeologia
41 (1867), pp. 270-274.
Stevens, C.E. "The 'Bellum Gallicum' as a work of Propaganda," Latomus
11 (1952), pp. 3-18.
Stevens, C.E., "55 B.C. and 54 B.C.", Antiquity 21 (1947), pp. 3-9.
Todd, Malcolm, Romain Britain
Warburg, H.D., Notes and Documents: Caesar's First Expedition to Britain," English
Historical Review 38 (1923), pp. 226-240.
53 Crassus at Carrhae
Plutarch, Life of Crassus
52-51 Vercingetorix
Caesar, The Gallic Wars
48 Pharsalus
47 War with Pharnaces
46 Thapsus
45 Munda
44-43 Mutina
42 Philippi
41 Perusia
36 Parthian War
31 Actium
Harrington, D. "The Battle of Actium. A Study in
Historiography" AncW 9(1984) 59-64.
Empire
Roman Imperial Army - General
Bishop, M.C. "The distribution of military equipment within
Roman forts of the first century A.D." Stud. zu den Militärgrenzen Roms
717-723
Brunt, P.A. "Pay and Superannuation in the Roman Army," PBSR
17 (NSV) 1950, 50-71.
Campbell, Brian, The Roman Army
Campbell, Brian, The Emperor and the Roman Army
Cheeman, G.L. The Auxilia of the Roman Imperial Army ,
Oxford, 1914.
Davies, Roy, et. al. Service in the Roman Army
Dixon, K.R. and P. Southern, The Roman Cavalry (1992)
Eadie, John W. "The Development of Roman Mailed Cavalry," JRS
vol. 17 ***
Gordon, C.D. "Vegetius and His Proposed Reforms of the
Army" in Polis and Imperium. Studies in Honour of
Edward Togo Salmon, Toronto, 1974 35-58.
Grant, Michael, The Army of the Caesars, 1974.
Hyland, A. Equus: The Horse in the Roman World (1990)
Hyland, A., Training the Roman Cavalry: from Arrian's Tactica (1993)
Isaac, Benjamin, The Limits of Empire, 1990.
Keppie, L.J.F., The Making of the Roman Army, 1984.
Luttwak, Edward, The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire,
1976.
Macmullen, Ramsay, Soldier and Civilian in the Later Roman Empire,
1967.
Nischer, E. "The Army Reforms of Diocletian and Constantine and
Their Modifications Up to the Time of the Notitia Dignitatum," JRS Vol. 13 ***
Parker, Henry Michael, The Roman Legions, 1928.
Parker, H.M.D. "A Note on the Promotion of Centurions," JRS
vol. 16 ***
Parker, H.M.D. "The Legions of DIocletian and
Constantine," JRS vol. 23 ***
Pavcovic, Michael F. The Legionary Horsemen: an essay in the
equites legionis and equites promoti, Diss University of Hawaii, 1991.
Ramsay, W. M. and A.M. "Roman Garrisons and Soldiers in Asia
Minor," JRS vol. 18 ***
Ramsay, W. M. , "Roman Garrisons and Soldiers in Asia
Minor," JRS vol. 19 ***
Ritterling, E. R. "Military Forces in the Senatorial
Provinces," JRS 17 ***
Saddington, D. B. "Tacitus and the Roman Army," ANRW
II, 33, 5 pp. 3484-3555.
Salazar, Christine, The Treatment of War Wounds in Greco-Roman
Antiquity (1999) [Studies in
Ancient Medicine,
21].
Speidel, Michael P. "Work to be Done on the Organization of the
Roman Army," BIAL 26 (1989) pp-106.
Syme, R. "Rhine and Danube Legions Under Domitian," JRS
vol. 18 ***
Syme, Ronald, "Some Notes on the Legions Under Augustus," JRS
vol. 23 ***
Valic, N. "The Illyrian War of Octavian," JRS vol.
24 ***
Webster, Graham, The Roman Imperial Army,
Wilkes, John,The Roman Army
Roman Imperial Navy
Dolley, R. H. "The Warships of the Later Roman Empire," JRS
vol. 38, ***
Starr, Chester G. The Roman Imperial Navy, 1960.
Teutoberg Forest
"Battle of the Teutoberg Forest," Archaeology
(Sept. Oct. 1992) pp. 26-32.
Cambridge Ancient History, Vols. 9 - 10 1954.
Creasy, Edward Shepard, Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World,
New York, 1987.
Delbrueck, Hans, History of the Art of War, Vol. 2
Dio Cassius, Roman History
Dupuy, R. Ernest and Dupuy, T. N. The Encyclopedia of Military
History, New York, 1986.
Fuller, J.F.C. Military History of the Western World, Vol. 1
New York, 1990.
Gabriel, Richard A. The Culture of War, Westport, Ct.:
Greenwood Press, 1990.
Gabriel, Richard A. and Karen Metz, From Sumer to Rome: The
Military Capabilities of Ancient Armies,
Greenwood Press, 1991.
Tacitus, The Histories
Tacitus, The Annals,
Tacitus, Germania
Wells, Peter, S., The Battle That Stopped Rome: Emperor
Augustus, Arminius and the Slaughter of the Legions in the Teutoburg Forest,
New York: Norton, 2003.
British Campaigns
Breeze, D. J., "The Logistics of Agricola's Final
Campaign," Talanta 18-19 (1986-7) 7-28.
Davies-Pryce, T. and E. Birley, "The Fate of Agricola's
Northern Conquests," JRS vol. 28, ***
Webster, Graham, Rome against Caratacus: The Roman Campaigns in
Britain, A.D. 48-58 (Totowa
NJ: Barnes &
Noble 1982).
Boudicca
Benario, H.W. "Legionary speed of march before the battle
of Boudicca" Britannia 17 (1986) 359-362.
Jewish Wars & Israel
Bar Kochba War
Dio Cassius
SHA, Hadrian, 14.2.
Abramsky, Shmuel, Bar Kockhba, Nasi of Israel, Tel Aviv, 1961 (Hebrew)
Aharoni, Yohanan, “Expedition B - The Cave of Horror,” Israel Exploration
Journal 11 (1962), pp. 186-199.
Aleksandrov, G.S. “The Role of Aqiba in the Bar Kokhba Rebellion,” Revue des
Etudes Juives 132 (1973) pp. 65-77.
Alon, G. (ed. And trans. By G. Levi), The Jews in their Land in the Talmudic
Age, II (Jerusalem, 1984), pp. 583-591.
Amit, D. and Eshel, H, “The Bar Kokhba Revolt in the Southern Hebron Mountains,”
Ertez-Israel 25 (1996), pp. 463-479. (Hebrew withy English summaries).
Applebaum,, Shimon, “For Whom Did Apollodorus Write the Poliorketika?,” in S.
Applebaum: Judaea in Hellenistic and Roman Times. Historical and
Archaeological Essays, Leiden: Brill, 1989, pp. 111-116.
Applebaum, Shimon, “Points of View on the Second Jewish Revolt,” Scripta
Classica Israelica 7 (1983/84), pp. 77-87
Applebaum, Shimon, Prologomena to the Study of the Second Jewish Revolt (A.D.
132-135) BAR Suppl Ser. 7 (1976)
Applebaum, Shimon, “The Jewish Revolt in Cyrene in 115-117 and the Subsequent
Re-Colonization” Journal of Jewish Studies 2 (1951), 177-181
Applebaum, Shimon, “The Agrarian Question and the Revolt of Bar Kokhba,” EI
8 (1967) (Hebrew).
Applebaum, Shimon, “The Second Jewish Revolt (AD 131-35) Palestine
Exploration Quarterly 116 (1984), pp. 35-37.
Applebaum, Shimon, “Bethar and the Roman Road System,” ZpalV 1987 CIII
pp. 137-140.
Applebaum, Shimon, “Tineus Rufus and Julius Severus,” in The Bar Kokhba
Revolt: New Approaches (ed. A. Oppenheimer and U. Rappaport: Jerusalem: Yad
Yitzhak Ben Zvi, 1984), pp. 147-52 (Hebrew)
Applebaum, Shimon, “Tineus Rufus and Julius Severus,” in Judaea in
Hellenistic and Roman Times. Historical and Archaeological Essays Leiden:
E.J. Brill, 1988, pp. 120-123.
Applebaum, Shimon, The Bar Kokhba War and its Results,” in Uriel Rappaport (ed.)
Judea and Rome – The Jewish Revolts, Jerusalem: Am Oved Publication
1983, pp. 229-260 (Hebrew).
Avi-Yonah, Michael, The Jews of Palestine. A Political History from the
Bar Kokhba War to the Arab Conquest, Oxford, 1976.
Aviam, M., “Secret Hideaways in the Galilee,” in Jews, Pagans and Christians
in the Galilee, South Florida University Press, (forthcoming)
Bar, Doron, “Aelia Capitolina and the Location of the Camp of the Tenth Legion,”
PEQ 130,1 pp. 8-19.
Bergler, S., “Jesus, Bar Kokhba und das messianische Laubhüttenfest,”
Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period
29 (1998), pp. 143-191.
Bietenhard, “Die Freiheitskriege der Juden unter den Kaiser Trajan und Hadrian
und der messianische Templebau,” Judaica 4 (1948), pp. 81-108 .
Birnbaum, S.A., “Akiba and Bar-Kosiba,” PEQ 100 (1968), pp. 137-138.
Birley, A.R., Hadrian: The Restless Emperor, 1997. Especially “Athens and
Jerusalem” pp. 259-278; 350-353.Bowersock, Glen W., "A Roman Perspective on the
Bar Kochba War," in William S. Green (ed.) Approaches to Ancient Judaism
(Choco: Scholars Press, 1980), Vol. 2, pp. 131-141.
Bowersock, Glen W., Review of Cotton, Hannah M. and Ada Yardeni, Aramaic,
Hebrew and Greek Documentary Texts from Nahal Hever and Other Sites, Oxford:
The Clarendon Press, 1997). in Journal of Roman Studies 14 (2001), pp.
657-660.
Bowersock, G.W., “The TelShalem Arch and P. Nahal Hever/Seiyal 8,” in P. Schäfer,
The Bar Kokhba War Reconsidered, (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2003), pp.
171-180.
Brand, Joshua, “Some Notes on the Bar Kokhba Letters,” Tarbiz 32,3 (April,
1963), p. 225.
Büchiker, A. “Die Schauplätze des Bar-Kochbakrieges und die auf diesen bezogenen
jüdischen Nachrichten,” Jewish Quarterly Review 16 (1904), pp. 143-205.
Cordier, P. “Les romains et la
circoncision,” REL 160 (2001), pp. 337-55.
Cotton, Hannah, “Ein Gedi
between the Two Revolts,” SCI 20 (12001), p. 151ff.
Cotton, Hannah M. and Ada
Yardeni, Aramaic, Hebrew and Greek Documentary Texts from Nahal Hever and
Other Sites, Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1997).
Cotton, Hannah M., “The Bar Kokhba Revolt and the Documents from the Judaean
Desert: Nabataean Participation in the Revolt (P. Yadin 52),” in: Schäfer,
Peter, (ed.) The Bar Kokhba War Reconsidered, (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck,
2003), pp. 133-152.
De Bry, M., “Le sceau messianique de Shim’on Bar Kokhba” Comptes rendues de
l’Academie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres (1993), pp. 203-215.
Dewsnap, Molly, “Hadrian: A Portrait in Bronze,” BAR 23,6 (Nov/Dec, 1997), pp.
***
Devir, Yehuda, Bar Kokhba, the Man and Messiah in light of Talmudic
Literature and the Dead Sea Scrolls, Jerusalem: Kiryat Sefer, 1964 (In
Hebrew).
Bar-Kokhba -
Halsh vehaMashiah, Kiryat Sefer, 1964.
Eck, Werner, “The Bar Kokhba Revolt: The Roman Point of View,” JRS 89
(1999), pp. 76-89.
Eck, Werner and Gideon Foerster, “Ein Triumphbogen für Hadrian im Tal von Beth
Shean bei Tel Shalem,” JRA 12 (1999), pp. 294-313.
Eck, Werner, “Ein Spiegel der Macht. Lateinische Inschriften römischer Zeit in
Judaea/Syria Palaestine,” ZDPV 117 (2001), pp. 47-63.
Eck, Werner, “Hadrian, the Bar Kokhba Revolt, and the Epigraphic Transmission,”
in P. Schäfer, The Bar Kokhba War Reconsidered, (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck,
2003), pp. 153-170.
Eck, Werner, “Der Bar Kokhba Aufstand der kaiserliche Fiscus und die
Veteranenversorgung,” Scripta Classica Israelica 19 (12000), pp. 139-140.
Eldad, Israel, “In Praise of Bar Kokhba,” Jerusalem Quarterly 32 (Summer,
1984), p. 113.
Eliav, Yaron Z. “Hadrian’s Actions in the Jerusalem Temple Mount According to
Cassius Dio and Xiphilini Man us,” Jewish Studies Quarterly 4 (1997) pp.
125-144.
Eliav, Yaron Z., “The Urban Layout of Aelia Capitolina: A New View from the
Perspective of the Temple Mount,” in P. Schäfer, (ed.) The Bar Kokhba War
Reconsidered, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2003, pp. 241-275.
Eshel, H., Broshi, M and Jull, T.A.J., “Documents from Wadi Murabba’at and the
Status of Jerusalem during the Bar Kokhba Revolt,” Refuge Caves of the Bar
Kokhba Revolt, eds. H. Eshel and D. Amit, Tel Aviv, 1998 (Hebrew).
Eshel, H. and Amit, D., Refuge Caves of the Bar Kokhba Revolt, Tel Aviv,
1998 (Hebrew).
Eshel, Hanan, “Aelia Capitolina: Jerusalem No More,” BAR 23/6 (Nov./Dec.) 1997,
pp. ****.
Finkelstein, Louis, “Rabbi Akiba, Rabbi Ishmael, and the Bar Kokhba Rebellion,”
in J. Neusner, (ed.) Approaches to Ancient Judaism, n.s. vol. 1,
(Atlanta, 1990), pp. 1-10.
Fitzmyer, Joseph A. "The Bar Kockba Period" Saint Mary's Theology Studies
I, NY 1962 133-68.
Fitzmyer, Joseph A, “The Bar Cochba Period,” Essays on the Semitic
Background of the New Testament, London, 1971, pp. 305-354.
Flusser, D., “The Bar Kokhba Revolt and its Repercussions,” Muhanaim 59 (1961),
p. 23 (H)
Foerster, G., “Do the Subterranean Hideaways date from the Bar Kokhba Period?”
Cathedra 28 (1983), pp. 155-157 (Hebrew.
Follet, S. “Hadrien en Égypte et en Judée,” Revue de Philologie (3e
series) 42 (1968), pp. 54-77.
W&L Frankel, Jonathan, “Bar Kokhba and All That,” Dissent 31 (1984),
pp. 192-202.
Freund, Richard A. and Rami Aran, “Return to the Cave of Letters. What Still
Lies Buried?” BAR 27,1 (Jan/Feb 2001), pp. 25ff.
Fuks, A. "Aspects of the Jewish Revolt in A.D. 115-117" JRS 51 (1961)
98-104.
Gafni, Sheraga, Mered Bar Kokhva, Tel Aviv, 1967. (In Hebrew) Juvenile
Literature
Gdalia, N., Massada et les grottes de Bar-Kokhba,” Arch 34(1970 ), pp.
37-47.
Geiger, J. “The Ban on Circumcision and the Bar-Kokhba Revolt,” Zion 41
(1976) pp. 139-147 In Hebrew
Geva, H., “The Tenth Legion Did Camp on the South-West Hill, Cathedra
73 (1994), pp. 194 (Heb.)
Gichon, M. "The Bar Kochba War: A Colonial Uprising Against Imperial Rome", in
Revue Internationale d'Histoire Militaire" 42 (1979), pp. 82-97.
Gichon, Mordechai, “Military Aspects of the Bar Kokhba Revolt and the
Subterranean Hideaways,” Jerusalem Cathedra 2 (1982) 30-42 (In
Hebrew)
Gichon, Mordechai, “Who were the enemies of Rome on the limes Palestinae?,”
13th limes Congress, 1986.
Gichon, Mordechai, “New Insight into the Bar Kokhba War and a reappraisal of Dio
Cassius 69.12-13 Jewish Quarterly Review 77 (1986), pp. 15-43.
Golan, D., “Hadrian’s Decision to Supplant Jerusalem by Aelia Capitolina,”
Historia 35 (1986), pp. 226-239.
Goodblatt, D. “Did the Tannaim Support Bar-Kokhva,” Jerusalem Cathedra
2(1983), pp. 6-12.
Goodblatt, D., “The Title Nasi and the Ideological background of the Second
Revolt,” in Oppenheimer and Rappaport, The Bar Kokhba Revolt - New Studies
(1984) in Hebrew
Goodblatt, D., “A Contribution to the Prosopography of the Second Revolt:
Yehudah bar Manasheh,” JJS 38 (1987), 38-55.
Goodblatt, D. “Judaea between the Revolts: Trends in Research Scholarship,” In:
A. Oppenheimer (ed.) Judische Geschichte in hellenistisch-römischer Zeit, Wege
der Forschung: von alten zum neuen Schürer, München, 1999, pp. 101-118.
Goren, S., “The Reign of Bar Kokhba in the Light of the Latest Finds from the
Judaean Desert,” Muhanaim 59 (1961), pp. 6-15. (H)
Green, W.S., “Approaches to Ancient Judaism “ Brown Judaic Studies 9
(1980) 131-141.
Haimi, Avinoam, “From Bar Kokhba – Greetings,” New Outlook 4:8 (Oct/Nov,
1981), p. 37-44.
Harkabi, Yehoshafat, The Bar Kochba Syndrome, Chappaqua, NY, 1983.
Harkabi, Yehoshafat, “Jeremiah and Bar Kokhba: Reality and Policy,” Jerusalem
Quarterly 24 (Summer, 1982), p. 64.
Harris, Rendel, Hadrian’s Decree of Expulsion of the Jews from Jerusalem,”
Harvard Theological Review,” 19 (1926) 199-206.
Hengel, Martin, “Hadrian’s Politik Gegenüber Juden und Christen,” in M. Hengel,
Judaica et Hellenistica: Kleine Schriften I (Tübingen, 1996), pp. 358-391
[=Journal of Near Eastern Society of Columbia University 16 (1987), pp.
153-182.
Herr, M.D., “The Causes of the Bar Kokhba War,” Zion 43 (1978), pp. 1-11
(In Hebrew).
Herr, M.D. “Persecutions and Martyrdom in Hadrian’s Days,” Scripta
Hierosolymitana 23 (1972), pp. 85-125.
Herr, M.D., “The Participation of the Galilee in the War of Qitos(=Quietus) or
in the “Ben Kosiba Revolt,” Cathedra 4 (1977), pp. 67-73. (Hebrew).
Holum, Kenneth, “Hadrian’s Imperial Tour,” BAR 23/6 (1997), pp. 5-51, 76.
Howard, G., Shelton, J.C., “The Bar Kokhba Letters and Palestinian Greek,”
IEJ 23(1973) 101-112.
Huteau-Dubois, L., “Les sursauts du nationalisme juif contre l’occupation
romaine. De Massada a Kokhba,” Revue des Etudes Juives 127: 2/3
(April/Sept. 1968), pp. 133-209.
Isaac, Benjamin, The Near East Under Roman Rule. Selected Papers (1997)
Isaac , B., and Oppenheimer, A., “The Revolt of Bar Kokhba: Ideology and Modern
Scholarship: JJS 36 (1985), pp. 33-60.. Reprinted in The Near East
Under Roman Rule, pp. 220-
Isaac, Benjamin, “Cassius Dio on the Revolt of Bar Kokhba,” Scripta Classica
Israelica 7 (1983-84), pp. 68-76. reprinted with Postscript in The Near
East Under Roman Rule, pp. 211-219.
Isaac, Benjamin, “The Babatha Archive,” in The Near East Under Roman Rule,
pp. 159-181.
Isaac, Benjamin and I. Roll, “Judaea in the Early Years of Hadrian’s Reign,”
Latomus 388 (1979), pp. 54-66. Reprinted in: The Near East Under Roman Rule,
pp. 182.
Isaac, Benjamin, “Roman Colonies in Judaea: The Foundation of Aelia Capitolina,”
Talanta (1980/81) pp. 12-13, 31-54.
Isaac, Benjamin, “Orientals and Jews in the Historia Augusta: Fourth-Century
Prejudice and Stereotypes,” The Jews in the Hellenistic-Roman World. Studies
inMemory of Menachem Stern, eds. I. M. Gafnis, A. Oppenheimer and D.R. Schwartz
(Jerusalem, 199), pp. 101-18 (Reprinted in Near East Under Roman Rule (Leiden,
New York, Köln, 1998), pp. 268-83.
Isaac, Benjamin, “Roman Attitudes Towards Jews and Judaism,” Zion 66
(12001), pp. 61-64. (Heb.).
Isaac, Benjamin, “Judaea After A.D. 70,” Journal of Jewish Studies 35
(1984), pp. 44-50.
Israel Exploration Society. Documents of the Bar Kokhba Period in the Cave
of Letters, Jerusalem, 1989.
Kanael, B. “Notes on the Dates Used During the Bar Kokhba Revolt,” IEJ 21
(1971) pp. 39-46.
Kanael, B., “Simon Bar Kokhba und die Thora,” Treue zur Thora Beiträge
zur mitte des christlische-jüdischen Gesprächs Festschrift G. herder zum 75
Gebrustag Berlin, 1977 pp. 33-41.
Kellner, W., “Bar Kochba und die Geminde des Christlichen Juden. Zwei Versuche
einer Politick auf biblischer Grundlage,” Bibel und Kirche 43 (1988), pp.
140-146.
Keppie, L.J.F., “The Legionary Garrison of Judaea under Hadrian,” Latomus
33 (1973), pp. 859-864 Kloner, Amos, “Underground Hiding Complexes
from the Bar Kokhba War in the Judaean Shephelah,” Biblical Archaeologist
(December, 1983), pp. 210-221.
Keppie, Lawrence J.F., “The History and Disappearance of the Legion XXII
Deiotariana,” in A. Kasher, U. Rappaport, G. Fuks (eds). Greece and Rome in
Eretz Israel, Collected Essays, Jerusalem, 1990, pp. 54-61 (=L.J.F. Keppie,
Legions and Veterans, Roman Army Papers 1971-2000 Stuttgart: Franz
Steiner Verlag, 2000, pp. 225-232, 322.
Kettenhofen, E., “Hadrian und die Juden: ein Beitrag zur Glaubwürdigkeit von
Moses Horenaci II 60,” Eranos 96 (1998), pp. 75-91.
Kislev, M.E., “A Barley Store of the Bar-Kochba Rebels,” Israel Journal of
Botany 35 (1986), pp. 197-201.
Kloner, Amos, “The Subterranean Hideaways of the Judaean Foothills and the Bar-Kokhba
Revolt,” The Jerusalem Cathedra 3 (1983) pp. 83-96.
Kloner, Amos, “Name of Ancient Israel’s Last President Discovered on Lead
Weight” and Ehud Netzer “Jewish Rebels Dig Strategic Tunnel System,” BAR
(July, August, 1988), pp. ***
Kloner, Amos, Boaz Zissu, “Hiding Complexes in the Lydda Area and the Northern
Border of the Bar Kokhba Administration,” in B. Zissu, H. Eshel (eds.) New
Studies on the Bar Kokhba Revolt, pp. 73-85 (Hebrew).
Kloner,A., “Lead Weights of Bar Kokhba’s Administration,” IEJ 40 (1990)
pp. 58-67.
Kloner, A. and Tepper, Y. The Hiding Complexes in the Judean Shepelah,
TelAviv, 1987. (Hebrew).
Kloner,Amos and Zissu, B., “Hiding Complexes in the Northern Judean Shephelah,”
in: Alliata E., Bottini, F. and DiSegni, L. (eds.) Studies in Honor of Father
S. Lofreda.
Kloner, Amos and Zissu, Boaz, “Hiding Com-plxes in Judaea: An Archaeological and
Geographical Update on the Area of the Bar Kokhba Revolt,” in P. Schäfer, The
Bar Kokhba War Reconsidered, (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2003), pp. 181-216.
Laperrousaz, E.M., “l’Hérodium, quartier général de Bar Kokhba?” Syria 41
(1964) pp. 347-358.
Lapin, Hayim, Palm Fronds and Citrons: Notes in Two Letters from Bar Kosiba’s
Administration,” HUCA 44 (1993), pp. 111-135.
Lewis, Naphtali, Desert Studies: The Documents from the Bar Kokhba Period in
the Cave of Letters, Greek Papyri, Jerusalem: 1989.
Lieberman, S., “The Importance of the Bar Kokhba letters for Jewish History and
Literature,” Texts and Studies 1974, 208ff.
Lifshitz, B. “Sur la date du transfert de la Legio VI Ferrata en Palestine,”
Latomus 19 (1960) pp. 109-111.
Lifshitz, B., “Papyrus grecs du
desert de Judea,” Aegyptus 42 (1962), pp. 240-258
Mantel, H. "The Causes of the Bar Kokhba Revolt" The Jewish Quarterly
Review 58 (1968), pp. 224-242.
Margalit, S., “Aelia Capitolina,” Judaica 45 (1989), pp. 45-56.
Marks, Richard Gordon, The Image of Bar Kokhba in Traditional Jewish
Literature: False Messiah and National Hero. University Park, PA: The
Pennsylvania State University, 1994.
Marks, R.G., “Dangerous Hero: Rabbinic Attitudes Toward Legendary Warriors,”
Hebrew Union College Annual 54 (1983), pp. 181-194.
Meyshan, J. “The Legion Which Reconquered Jerusalem in the War of Bar Kokhba,
A.D. 132-5,” Palestine Exploration Quarterly (1958), pp. 19-26 =
Essays in Jewish Numismatics (1968) 143-150.
Mor, Menachem, “The Roman Army in Eretz-Israel in the Years A.D. 70-132,” in P.
Freeman and D. Kennedy (eds) The Defense of the Roman and Byzantine East.
II Proceedings of a Colloquium held at the University of Sheffield in
April 1986, Oxford:, BAR Int. Series 297 (1) (1986) pp. 575-602.
The Hebrew version: Menachem Mor, “The Roman Army in Eretz-Israel
in the Years A.D. 70-132,” in: Aryeh Kasher, Gideon Fuks, Uriel Rappaport (eds.)
Greece and Rome in Eretz Israel, Jerusalem: Yad Yitzhak Ben Zvi, 1989,
pp. 98-130.
Mor, Menachem, “The Bar Kokhba Revolt and Non-Jewish Participants,” Journal
of Jewish Studies 36 (1985), pp. 200-209.
Mor, Menachem, “The Roman Legions and the Bar Kokhba Revolt 132-135 A.D.,”H.
Vetters, M. Kandler (eds.) Akten des 14th Internationalen
Limeskongresses, 1986, Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der
Wissenschaften, 1990, pp. 163-178.
Mor, Menachem, The Bar-Kokhba Revolt: its Extent and Effect, Jerusalem:
Yad Yitzhak Ben Zvi, 1991. (Hebrew)
Mor, Menachem, “The Samaritans and the Bar-Kokhba Revolt,” in A.D. Crown (ed.)
The Samaritans (Tübingen, 1989), pp. 19-31.
Mor, Menachem, Rappaport, Uriel, “Bibliography on the Bar Kokhba Revolt – Works
published in the Years 1984-2000,” Boaz Zissu, Hanna Eshel (eds.) New Studies
on the Bar Kokhba Revolt. Proceedings of the 21st Annual
Conference of the Martin (Szusz) Department of the Land of Israel Studies, Ramat
Gan: Bar Ilan, 2001, pp. 139-161 (Hebrew).
Mor, Menachem, “Two Legions – The Same Fate?” (The Disappearance of the Legion
IX Hispana and XXII Deiotariana)” ZPE 62 (1986), pp. 267-278.
Netzer, E., “Jewish Rebels Dig Strategic Tunnel System,” BAR 14/4 (1988),
pp. 18-33.
O’Neill, J.C., “The Mocjing of Bar Kokhba and of Jesus,” Journal for the
Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period 31 (2000),
pp. 39-41.
Oppenheimer, Aharon “The Jewish Community in Galilee during the Period of Yavneh
and the Bar Kokhba Revolt,” Jerusalem Cathedra 4 (1977) pp. 53-66 (In
Hebrew)
Oppenheimer, Aharon and Uriel Rappaport (eds), Mered bar Kokhva, (The
Bar Kokhba Revolt. A New Approach) Jerusalem: Zalman Shazar Center, 1980
(In Hebrew). With English summaries
Oppenheimer, Aharon “Galilee during the Bar Kokhba Revolt: Collected Sources.”
The Roman Period in Israel, pp. 227-234 (In Hebrew)Israel) in Hebrew
pp. 1153-165 with references.
Oppenheimer, Aharon, “Bar Kokhba and the Observation of Religious Precepts,” Bar
Kochba Revolt: New Studies, pp. 140-146 (In Hebrew).
Oppenheimer, Aharon, “The Bar Kokhba Revolt,” Immanuel 14 (1982), 58-76.
Oppenheimer, Aharon, The Bar Kokhba Revolt, Jerusalem, 1980 (Hebrew).
Oppenheimer, Aharon, “The Keeping of Shabbat during the Bar Kokhba Uprising,”
Jews and Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple, Mishnah and Talmud
Period: Studies in Honor of S. Safrai eds. I. Gafni, A. Oppenheimer, and M.
Stern, Jerusalem, 1993.
Oppenheimer, Aharon, “The Sanctity of Life and Self-Sacrifice after the Bar-Kokba
Revolt,” Sanctity of Life and Martyrdom – Papers in Memory of Amir Yekutiel,
eds. I.M. Gafni and A. Ravitzky, Jerusalem, 1992. (Heb.)
Oppenheimer, Aharon, “The Ban on Circumcision as a Cause of the Revolt: A
Reconsideration,” in P. Schäfer (ed.) The Bar Kokhba War Reconsidered,
Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2003.
Oppenheimer, Aharon, Shmuel Safdrai, Moshe David Herr, David Rokeah, Yoram
Tsafrir, Ze’ev Yevin, Discussion: The Jewish Community in Galilee during the
Period of Yavneh and the Bar Kokhba Revolt,” Cathedra 4 (1977), pp. 51-81
(Hebrew).
Oppenheimer, A., “Talmudic Literature as a Historical Source for the Bar Kokhba
Revolt,” in: F. Parente, D. Piatelli (Eds.) Aspeti della Storiografia
Ebraica. Atti del IV Copngresso Internazionale dell’ Assoc. Italiana per lo
studio del Giudaismo S. Miniato, 7-10 Novembre 1983, Rome, 1987, pp. 139-151.
Patrich, Joseph, “Hideouts in the Judean Wilderness – Jewish Revolutionaries and
Christian Ascetics South Shelter and Protection in Cliffside Caves,” BAR
15,5 (Sept/Oct. 1989), pp. 32-42.
Polotsky, H.J., “The Greek Papytri from the Cave of Letters,” The Expedition
to the Judaean Desert, 1961.
Pucci, Marina, La rivolta ebraica al tempo di Traiano, Pisa 1981.
Rabello, Alfredo M., “The Ban on Circumcision as a Cause of Bar Kokhba’s
Rebellion,” Israel Law Review 29: ½ (1995 Winter/Spring), p. 176. Hebrew
version in Oppenheimer andRappaport, The Bar Kokhba Revolt: A New Approach,
33-46.
Raffaeli, Shmuel, “Jewish Coinage and the Date of the Bar Kokhba Revolt,”
JPOS 3 (1923), pp. 123-196.
Rappaport, Uriel, “John of Gischala in Galilee,” Jerusalem 3 (1983), pp.
46-57.
Reinhartz, Adele, “Rabbinical Perceptions of Simeon Bar Kosiba,” JSJ 20
(1985), p. 171-194.
Reznick, Leibel, The Mystery of Bar Kokhba, an historical and theological
investigation of the last king of Jews, Northvale, NJ 1996
Rokeah, David, Meridot ha-Yehudim bi-teme Trayanus, 115-117. Jerusalem,
1978 (In Hebrew)
Rokeah, David, “Comments on the Revolt of Bar Kokhba,” Tarbiz 35,2
(December 1965), p. 122.
Rokeah, D., “The Rebellion of the Jews in Historical Perspective,” Forum
59 (1986), pp. 27-41; 60 (1987), pp. 15-27.
Romagnolo di Salvo, E., “La Grotta delle Lettere di Bar-Kokhba e gli oggetti
bronzei ivi ritrovati,” RIL 116 (1982 ), pp. 51-59.
Safrai, S. “The Relations between the Roman Army and the Jews of Eretz Israel
after the Destruction of the Second Temple,” in S. Applebaum (ed.) Roman
Frontier Studies 1967, Tel Aviv, 1971, pp. 224-229.
Schäfer, Peter, Der Bar-Kokhba Aufstand. Studien zum Zweiten Jüdischen Krieg
gegen Rom, Tübingen, 1981.
Schäfer, Peter, "Rabbi Aqiva und Bar Kockba" Approaches to Ancient Judaism
11, pp. 113-130. Chico, Ca: Scholars Press, 1980.
Schäfer, Peter, "Rabbi Aqiva and Bar Kokhba" Studien zur geschichte und
Theologie des rabbinischen Judentums, Leiden, 1978, pp. 65-121.
Schäfer, Peter, “Rabbi Akiva and Bar Kokhba,” in William Scott Green, ed.
Approaches to Ancient Judaism, vol. 2 Ann Arbor, MI: Scholars Press, 1980),
pp. 121-124.
Schäfer, Peter, “The Causes of the Bar Kokhba Revolt,” In: Studies in
Aggadah, Targum and Jewish Liturgy in Memory of Joseph Heinemann pp. 74-94 (eds)
Jakob Petuchowski and Ezra Fleischer Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1981.
Schäfer, Peter, “Hadrian’s Policy in Judaea and the Bar Kokhba Revolt,: A
reassessment,” in P.R. Davies and R.T. White (eds) A Tribute to Geza Vermes.
Essays on Jewish and Christian Literature and History eds. Phillip R. Davies
and Richard T. White Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1990, pp. 281-303.
Schäfer, Peter, “The Causes of the Bar Kokhba Revolt,” Studies in Aggadah,
Targum and Jewish Liturgy in Memory of Joseph Heinemann, Jerusalem, 1981 pp.
74-94.
Schäfer, Peter, Judeophobia: Attitudes Toward the Jews in the Ancient World,
Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.
Schäfer, Peter, “The Bar Kokhba Revolt and Circumcision – Historical Evidence
and Modern Apologetics,” Judische Geschichte in hellenistisch-römischer Zeit
(ed. A. Oppenheimer, assisted by E. Müller-Luckner (Munich, 1999), pp. 119-32.
Schäfer, Peter, (ed.) The Bar Kokhba War Reconsidered, (Tübingen: Mohr
Siebeck, 2003).
Schäfer, Peter, “Bar Kokhba and the Rabbis,” in Schäfer, Peter, (ed.) The Bar
Kokhba War Reconsidered, (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2003).pp. 1-22.
Schwartz, D.R.,”On Barnabas and Bar Kokhba,” in D.R. Schwartz: Studies in the
Jewish Background of Christianity, Tuübingen, 1992, pp. 147-153.
Schwartz, Jacques, “Ou a passé la legio XXII Deiotariana?” ZPE 76 (1989),
pp. 101-102.
Schwartz, Joshua, Jewish Settlement in Judaea after the Bar Kochba War until
the Arab Conquest, Jerusalem, 1986.
Shatzman, Israel, “Artillery in Judaea from Hasmonean to Roman Times,” in D.H.
French and C.S. Lightfoot, The Eastern Frontier of the Roman Empire BAR
Int. Series 553 (ii) (1989) pp. 461-484.
Schochat, Yanir, “Enlistment in the Legio II Adiutrix at the Time of Hadrian and
Thereafter,” Scripta Classica Israelica 7 (1983/84), pp. 58-67.
Schürer, E., The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ (175
B.C. – A.D. 135): A New English Version, rev. and ed. By Geza Vermes and F.
Millar (Edinburgh, 1973), pp. 514-557.
Shahar, Yuval, “The Undergound Hideous in Galilee and Their Historical Meaning,”
in P. Schäfer, The Bar Kokhba War Reconsidered, (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck,
2003), pp. 217-240.
Schwartz, J. “Judaea in the Wake of the Bar Kokhba Revolt,” Bar Kochba: New
Studies pp. 215-223 ( in Hebrew)
Smallwood, E. Mary, “The Legislation of Hadrian and Antononius Pius Against
Circumcision,” Latomus 18 (1959) pp. 334-347; Idem, Latomus
20 (1961) pp. 93-96.
Teicher, J.L., “Are the Bar Kokhba Documents Genuine?” Journal of Jewish
Studies 5 (1954), p. 39.
Trifon, Dalia, “Did the Priestly Courses (Mishmarot) Transfer from Judaea
to Galilee After the Bar Kokhba Revolt,” Tarbiz 59 (Oct 989-March 1990), p. 77.
Tsafrir, Yoram, “The Transfer of the Negev, Sinai, and Southern Transjordan from
Arabia to Palestina,” IEJ 36 (1986), pp. 77-86.
Tsafrir, Yoram, “The History of Jerusalem: The Roman and Byzantine Periods
(70-638 C.E.) Jerusalem, 1999), pp. 115-116 (Heb.). A good English summary
appears in H. Geva, “Jerusalem: The Roman Period,” NEAEHL II, pp.
758-767.
Tsafrir, Yoram and Zissu, B., “A Hiding Complex from the Second Temple Period
and the Time of the Bar Kokhba Revolt at Ain-Arrub in the Hebron Hills,” in:
Humphrey, J. (ed.) The Roman And Byzantine Near East, vol. 3 (Journal of
Roman Archaeology Supplementary Series 49] Portsmouth, RI, 2002, pp. 6-36.
Smallwood, E. Mary, “Palestine c. A.D. 115-118,” Historia 11 (1962), pp.
500-510.
Steinspring, William F., “Hadrian in Palestine 129/130 A.D.,” Journal of the
American Oriental Society 59 (1939) 360-365.
Stern, M. Greek and Latin Authors on Jews and Judaism, II (Jerusalem,
1980), pp. 619-21.
Ussushkin, D., “Betar: The Last Stronghold of Bar Kochba,” Bulletin of the
Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society 6 (1986-87), pp. 49-50.
Ussushkin, D.,, “Archaeological Sounding at Bethar, Bar Kokhba’s Last
Stronghold,” Tel Aviv 20 (1993), pp. 66-97.
Yadin, Yigael Bar-Kokhba. The Rediscovery of the Legendary Hero of the Last
Jewish Revolt Against Rome, New York: Random House, 1971.
Yadin, Yigael, Judaean Desert Studies. The Finds from the Bar Kokhba Period
in the Cave of Letters, Jerusalem, 1963.
Yadin, Yigael, “Expedition D’ in The Expedition to the Judaean Desert,
1960, Israel Exploration Journal 11,1 (1961), pp. 41-52.
Yadin, Yigael, Judaean Desert Studies. The Finds of the Bar Kokhba
Period in the Cave of Letters, 1963.
Yardeni, Ada, Te-udot Nahal Tse-elim, Beer Sheva 1995 (In Hebrew)
Yeivin, Shmuel, The War of Bar Kockba (Milhemet Bar Kokhba),
Jerusalem: Mossad Bialik, 1956 (in Hebrew)
Zeitlin, Solomon, “The Fiction of the Bar Kokhba Letters,” Jewish Quarterly
Review 51 (1960-61) pp. 265-274.
Zerubavel, Yael, Recovered Roots; collective memory and the making of
Israeli national tradition, Chicago, 1995.
Zerubavel, Yael, “Bar Kokhjba’s Image in Modern Israeli Culture,” in: P.
Schäfer, The Bar Kokhba War Reconsidered, (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2003),
pp. 279-297.
Numismatics - Bar Kokhba
?Abramovitz, A. “A Note on Some Retouched Dies of bar Kokhba Coinage,” INJ
??? not in 1980 p. 38-43.
Amit, D., Eshel, H., “A Tetradrachm of Bar Kokhba from a Cave in Nahal Hever,”
INJ 11 (1993), pp. 33-35.
Barag, D. “A Note on the Geographical Distribution of Bar-Kokhba Coins,”
Israel Numismatic Journal 4 (1980), pp. 30-3.
Barag, Daniel, “The Table of the Showbread and the Façade of the Temple on Coins
of the Bar Kokhba Revolt,” in H. Geva (ed.) Ancient Jerusalem Revealed,
Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society 1994, pp. 272-276.
Barag, Daniel, The Two Mints of the Bar Kokhba War,” in: Barag, D (ed.) Studies
in Memory of Leo Mildenberg, Israel Numismatics Journal 14 (2002), pp.
153-156.
Damati, E. “Four Bar Kokhba Coins from Khirbet El-Aqd,”
INJ 4 (1980) pp. 27-29.
Hendin, D. “Clashed Die Errors in Bar Kokhba Coins,” INJ
5 (1981) pp. 44-45.
Hendin, D. “Plated Coin s of Bar Kokhba,” INJ 4
(1980) pp. 34-37.
Kadman, L.
Corpus Nummorum Palaestinensium, Vol. I The Coins of Aelia Capitolina,
Jerusalem, 1956.
Kanael, B.,
“Notes on the Dates Used During the Bar Kokhba Revolt,” IEJ 21 (1971), pp.
39-46.
Kindler, Arie,
“The Monetary Pattern and Function of the Jewish Coins,” Patterns of Monetary
Development pp. 180-205.
Kindler, Arie, “The Coinage of the Bar Kokhba War,” in Dating and Meaning of
Ancient Jewish Coins and Symbols, Jerusalem: Israel Numismatics Society
1958, pp. 62-80.
Kindler, Arie, “Was There a Detachment of The Third Legion Cyrenaica at Neapolis
in A.D. 251-253?,” Israel Numismatics Journal 4 (1980) 56-58.
Kindler, Arie and A. Stein, A Bibliography of the City Coinage of Palestine:
From the 2nd Century B.C. to the 3rd Century A.D. (BAR
374), Oxford, 1987, pp. 22-37.
Kindler, Arie, “Ein Munzpamplisest auds dem Bar Kokhba krieg,” Schweizerische
Numismatische Rundschau 42 (1962/1963) pp. 15-20.
Kindler, Arie, “Die palästinische Städtemünzen im 2h n. Chr. Unde der Bar
Kokhba-Krieg,” Noeske, H.C., Schubert, H. (eds.) Die Münze, Bild-Botschaft –
Bedeutung Festschrift für Maria R. Alföldy, 1991, pp. 283-312.
Meshorer, Y. “The Perforated Denars of Bar Kokhba,” Patterns of Monetary
Development, pp. 209-211.
Meshorer, Y., The Coinage of Aelia Capitolina, Jerusalem, 1989.
Meshorer, Y., Jewish Coins of the Second Temple Period, (1967),
Meshorer, H., “A Coin Hoard of Bar-Kokhba’s Time,” Israel Museum News 4
(1985), pp. 43-50.
Meyshan, J., “Strange Peregrinations of a Bar Kochba Coin,” Essays in Jewish
Numismatics (1968) 139-141.
Mildenberg L., “The Monetary System of the Bar Kokhba Coinage,” Patterns of
Monetary Development in Phoenicia and Palestine in Antiquity. Proceedings of
the International Numismatics Convention 1963, Tel Aviv -Jerusalem, 1967, pp.
41-48.
Mildenberg Leo, “The Eleazar Coins of the Bar Kokhba Revolt,” Historia
Judaica 11 (1949) 77-108.
Mildenberg L. The Coinage of the Bar Kockba War, Aarau, 1984. CJ1375
.M5 1984.
Mildenberg L., “Bar Kokhba Coins and Documents,” HSCP 84 (1980) 311-335.
Mildenberg L., “A Bar Kokhba Didrachm,” INJ 8 (1984-85), pp. 33-36, plate
28.
Mildenberg L., The Bar Kokhba War in the Light of the Coins and Document Finds
1947-1982,” Israel Numismatic Journal 8 (1984-85), pp. 27-32.
See German edition: “Der Bart-Kochba-Kried im Licht der Münzprägung,”
in: H.P. Kuhnen (ed.) Palästina im griechisch-Römischer Zeit, vol. 2
(Munich, 1990) pp. 357-366.
Mildenberg Leo, “Rebel Coinage in the Roman Empire,” in: A. Kasher, U.
Rappaport and G. Fuks (eds), Greece and Rome in Eretz Israel, Collected
Essays, Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1990, pp. 62-74.
Nötscher, F. “Bar Kokhba, Ben Kosiba: Der Sternensohn, der Prächtige, Vetus
Testamentum 11 9 (1961) pp. 449-451.
Patrich, Joseph, “The Golden Vine, the Sanctuary Portal, and its Depiction on
the Bar Kokhba Coins,” Jewish Art 19-20 (1993-94), pp. 56-61.
Philonenko, M. “Observatons sur des Monnaies juives de la Seconde Revolte,
(132-135)” CRAI (1974), pp. 183-189.
Romanoff, P., Jewish Symbols on Ancient Jewish Coins, Philadelphia, 1944,
p. 966.
Rosenberger,
Meir, “A New Type of Gaba and a Coin Prepared for a Bar Kokhba Overstriking,”
Israel Numismatic Journal 4 (1980), 55.
Shotter, D.C.A.,
“The Principate of Nerva, Some Observations on the Coin Evidence,” Historia
32 (1983), pp. 218-23.
Sporty,
Lawrence, D., “Identifying the Curving Line on the Bar-Kokhba Temple Coin,”
Biblical Archaeologist 46, 2 (Spring, 1983), p. 121.
Zissu, Boaz,
Hanan Eshel, “The Geographical Distribution of Bar Kokhba Coins,”, in B. Zissu,
H. Eshel (eds.) New Studies on the Bar Kokhba Revolt. Proceedings of the
21st Annual conference of the Martin (Zsusz) Department of the Land
of Israel Studies, Ramat Gan: Bar Ilan, 2001, pp. 17-40 (Hebrew).
Zissu, Boaz.
"The Geographical Distribution of Coins from the Bar Kokhba War." Israel
Numismatic Journal 14 (2002), pp. 157-167.
The Great Jewish War AD
66-70
Roth, Jonathan, The Logistics of the Roman Army in the Jewish War,
Diss Columbia, 1991.
Bar Kochva, B. "Seron and Cestius Gallus at beth Horon," Palestine
Exploration Quarterly 107 (1976), pp. 13-21.
Gichon, Mordechai, "Cestius Gallus' Campaign in Judaea," Palestine
Exploration Quarterly 1981, pp. 361
Isaac, Benjamin, "The Roman Army in Jerusalem and Its Vicinity," 13th limes
congress 635-640.
Dacian Wars - Trajan
Davies, G.A.T. "Trajan's First Dacian War," JRS
Vol. 7 ***
Lepper, F. A. Trajan's Parthian War, 1948.
Longden, R. P. "Notes on the Parthian Campaigns of
Trajan," JRS Vol. 21 ***
Persian Wars
Dodgeon, M. H. and S.N.C. Lieu, The Roman Eastern Frontier and
the Persian Wars A.D. 226-363.
Fornara, Charles, "Julian's Persian Expedition in Ammianus and
Zosimus," JHS CXI (1991) pp. 1-15.
Adrianople
T.A. Burns, "The Battle of Adrianople: A Reconsideration" Historia
33 (1973) 336-48.
Connolly, Peter, Greece and Rome at War, Englewood Cliffs,
NJ, Prentice Hall, 1981.
Delbrueck, Hans, History of the Art of War, Vol. 2
Dupuy and Dupuy, The Encyclopedia of Military History
Ferrill, Arther, The Fall of the Roman Empire, 1986.
Fuller, J.F.C., The Military History of the Western World
Hackett, Gen. Sir John, Warfare in the Ancient World, 1989.
Jordanes, Gothic History of Jordanes
Oman, Sir Charles, The Art of War in the Middle Ages, vol. 1.
Signalling
Aschoff,
Volker, “Aus der Frügeschichte der optischen Telegraphie,” In:
Die Technikgeschichte als Vorbild moderner Technik, Nr. 2,
1976, pp. 9-26.
Aschoff,
Volker, “Optische
Nachrichtenübertragung im klassischen Altertum,” NTZ (Nachrichtentechnische Zeitschrift) 30 (1977), pp.
26-31.
Aschoff,
Volker, Aus der
Geschichte der Telegraphen-Codes, Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1981, 59pp.
Aschoff,
Volker, Geschichte
der Nachrichtentechnik. Beitäge zur Geschichte der Nachrichtentechnik von
ihren Anfängen bis zum Ende des 18 Jahrhunderts. Berlin, Heidelberg, Tokyo, New
York: Springer-Verlag, 1984.
Bell,
T.W., “A Roman Signal Station at Whitby,”
Archaeological Journal 155 (1998), pp. 303-322.
Clark, Vincent A. and Parker,
S. Thomas, "The Late Roman Observation and Signaling System,"in
Chapter 5 of The Roman Frontier
in Central Jordan (Oxford:
BAR, 1987), p. 165-181.
Collingwood, R. G.,
"The Roman Signal Station,"
in A. Rowntree (ed.) The History of Scarborough, London:
J. M. Dent & Sons, 1931, pp. 40-50.
Donaldson, G.H., "Roman
Military Signalling on the North British Frontiers," Archaeologia Aeliana
13 (1985), pp. 19-24.
Donaldson, G.H., "Signalling,
Communications and the Roman Imperial Army," Britannia 19 (1988),
pp. 349-56.
Farrar, R.A.H., “Roman
Signal Stations over Stainmore and Beyond,” Roman Frontier Studies
1979
(Oxford, 1980), pp. 211-231.
Haverfield, F., "Notes on
the Roman Coast Defences of Britain, Especially in Yorkshire," Journal
of Roman Studies 2 (1912), pp. 201-214.
Hornsby, W. & Laverick,
J.D. "The Roman Signal Station at Goldsborough, near Whitby," Archaeological
Journal 89 (1932), pp. 203-19.
Hornsby, W. and Stanton, R.,
"The Roman Fort at Huntcliff, Near Saltburn," Journal of Roman
Studies 2 (1912), pp. 215-232.
Johnson, Stephen, The Roman
Forts of the Saxon Shore, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1976,
Leiner, Wolfgang, Die
Signaltechnik der Antike, Stuttgart: W.
Leiner, 1982, 147pp.
Ottoway, P., “Filey Roman
Signal Station.” Transactions of the Scarborough Archaeological Historical
Society 30 (1993), pp. 8-10.
Ottoway, P., “Filey Roman
Signal Station,” Transactions of the Scarborough Archaeological Historical
Society 31 (1995), pp. 8-10.
Richmond, I. A., "A Roman
Arterial Signalling System in the Stainmore Pass" in W.F. Grimes (ed)
Aspects of Archaeology in Britain and Beyond. Essays Presented to O.G.S.
Crawford. London: H. W. Edwards, 1951, pp. 293-302.
Rivet, A.L.F.,
“Gask Signal-Stations,” Archaeological
Journal 121 (1965), pp. 196-198.
Sockett, E.W., “A Note on
Major Donaldson’s Article on Military Signalling,” Archaeologia Aeliana
14 (1986), pp. 187ff.
Southern, P., "Signals
Versus Illumination on Roman Frontiers," Britannia 21 (1990), pp.
233-242.
Wilson, P.R., “Aspects of
the Yorkshire Signal Stations,” in V.A. Maxfield & M.J. Dobson (eds.) Roman
Frontier Studies 1989. Proceedings
of the XVth international Congress of Roman Frontier Studies, Exeter:
Exeter University Press, 1991, pp. 142-147.
Woolliscroft, David, “Das
Signalsystem an der Hadriansmauer und seine Auswirkungen auf dessen Aufbau,”
Roman Frontier Studies, 1989, XV International Congress, Exeter,
1991, pp. 148-152.
Woolliscroft,
D.J. Signalling
and the Design of Roman Frontier Systems, Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation,
University of Manchester.
Woolliscroft,
D.J., “Signalling and Design of the
Gask Ridge System,” Proceedings o |