Col. Rose Mary Sheldon
Department of History
Virginia Military Institute

 

GREECE

General

Adcock, F.E. The Greek and Macedonian Art of War, Berkeley, 1957.

Anderson, J.K. Military Theory and Practice in the Age of Xenophon, Berkeley, 1970.

Best, J.G.P. Thracian Peltasts and Their Influence on Greek Warfare, Groeningen, 1969.

Bettalli, M. "Enea Tattico e l'insegnamento dell'arte militare," AFLS 7 (1986) 73-89.

Chase, G.H.,  Shield Devices of the Greeks in Art and Literature

Connor, W.R., "Early Greek Land Warfare as Symbolic Expression," Past and Present 119 (1988), pp. 3-28.

Delbrueck, Hans, History of the Art of War, Vol. 1, Warfare in Antiquity (Trans. 1975).

DeSouza, Philip, Piracy and the Graeco-Roman World, Cambridge, 1999.

Ferrill, Arther, The Origins of War: From the Stone Age to Alexander the Great, reviewed by A.M. Devine in    CW  81 (1987-88).

Gabriel, R.A. and Metz, K., From Sumer to Rome: The Military Capabilities of Ancient Armies, 1991.

Garlan, Yvon, Recherches de Poliorcetique Grecque, Paris:  Boccard, 1974.

Greenhalgh, P.A.L. Early Greek Warfare, Cambridge, 1973.

Griffith, G.T. The Mercenaries of the Hellenistic World Groningen, 1968.

Hackett, J., Warfare in the Ancient World, 1989.

Hanson, Victor Davis, The Western Way of War:  Infantry Battle in Classical Greece, 1989.

Havelock, Eric, "War as a way of life in Classical Culture," in Classical Values and the Modern World.  Vannier Lectures, Ottawa     1972 19-78.

Hunt, P. Slaves, Warfare and Ideology in the Greek Historians

Kern, P.B., Ancient Siege Warfare, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999.

Kromayer, J. and Veith, G., Heerwesen und Kriegfuhrung der Griechen und Romer, 1928.

Lawrence, Arnold Walter, Greek Aims in Fortification, Oxford, 1980

Lazenby, J. F. The Spartan Army, Warminster England: Aris & Phillips, 1985.

Marsden, E.W.  Greek and Roman Artillery.  Historical Development and Technical Treatises, 2 vols.  Oxford

Plasart, A., "Les archers d'Athenes," REG 26 (1913) pp. 151-213.

Pritchett, W.K. The Greek State at War, Berkeley & Los Angeles, 1971-1991, Vols. 1-5

Sage, Michael, Warfare in Ancient Greece.  A Sourcebook, London, 1996.

Sekunda, Nick "Greek Siege Warfare" Popular Archaeology Vol. 1, nr. 9 (March 1980) 10-14.

---------- & McBride, Angus, The Ancient Greeks, Armies of Classical Greece 5th & 4th Centuries B.C. (London, 1986), Osprey Publishing.

----------, "Warriors of Ancient Greece" Archaeology Today Vol. 8, nr. 1 (Feb. 1987) p. 6-10.

----------, "The Organization of the Lakedaimonian Army" monograph in preparation

----------. The Army of Alexander the Great London: Osprey 1984. Reviewed by Fisher G&R 32 (1985) 90.

----------."Regimental Uniforms: A look at the Army of Alexander the Great" Popular Archaeology Vol. 5, No. 12, June 1984 15-16.

Snodgrass, A.M. Arms and Armour of the Greeks, London, 1967.

Snodgrass, A.M. Early Greek Armour and Weapons, Edinburgh, 1964.

Spaulding, Col. Oliver, Pen and Sword in Ancient Greece, Princeton, 1937.

Vernant, J.-P. Problèmes de la Guerre en Grèce Ancienne, Paris, 1968.

Warry, J., Warfare in the Classical World, 1980.

Wees, H. V.,  Greek Warfare: Myth and Realities, Duckworth, 2002.

Wees, H.V.,War and Violence in Ancient Greece, Duckworth, 2002.

Wheeler, E., "Ephorus and the Prohibition of Missiles," TAPA 117 (1987), pp. 157-182.

Wheeler, Everett, The Armies of Classical Greece,  Ashgate, 2007.

Whitehead, David, "Who Equipped Mercenary Troops in Classical Greece?"  Historia 40 (1991), pp. 105-113.

Prehistoric

Childe, V.G., The Significance of the Sling for Greek Prehistory," Studies Presented to David Moore Robinson I, St. Louis, 1951.

Hood, M.S.F., "A Mycenaean Cavalryman," Mycenae 1939-1952) Annual of the British School of Archaeology at Athens 48 (1953).

Sandars, N.K.,"  Later Aegean Swords," AJA 67 (1963) pp. 117-153.

Schachermeyer, Fr., "Streitwagen und Streitwagenbild im alten Orient und bei den mykenischen Griechen," Anthropos 46 (1951).

Homeric Warfare

Calder, C.M., "The Geography of the Beacon Passage in the Agamemnon," Classical Review (old series) 36 (1922) 36, 155.

B. Fenik, Typical Battle Scenes in the Iliad

Wees, H. van, "Heroes, knights and nutters:  warrior mentality in Homer," in Lloyd, Battle in Antiquity (1996).

Wees, H. van, "Kings in Combat: battles and heroes in the Iliad," Classical Quarterly 38/1 (1988)

 

Cavalry

Bugh, Glenn R. The Horsemen of Athens, Princeton, 1988.

Gaebel, Robert E., Cavalry Operations in the Ancient Greek World, Oklahoma, 2002.

Helbig, Wolfgang, Les hippeis atheniens,  Paris: Klincksieck, 1902.

Hoplite Phalanx

Anderson, J.K. "Hoplite Weapons and Offensive Arms,"  in V.D. Hanson, Hoplites pp. 15-37.

Carney, T.F., The Shape of the Past: Models and Antiquity, Lawrence, KS: Coronado Press, 1975.

Goldsworthy, A.K., "The othismos, myths and heresies:  the nature of hoplite battle," War in History 4/1 (1997), 1-26.

Hanson, Victor Davis, The Western Way of War: Infantry Battle in Classical Greece, New York: Knopf, 1989.

Hanson, Victor Davis, (ed.) Hoplites:  The Classical Greek Battle Experience, 1991.

Hanson, Victor Davis, "Hoplite Technology in hoplite battle,"  in V.D. Hanson, Hoplites, pp. 63-84.

Hanson, V.D., "Hoplite Battle as Ancient Greek Warfare: When, Where and Why?," in H. van Wees, War and Violence in Ancient    Greece,  (Duckworth, 2002), pp. 167-200.

Jackson, A.H. "Hoplites and the Gods: The Dedication of Captured Arms and Armour," in  V.D. Hanson, Hoplites: The Classical      
    Greek Battle Experience, London, 1991, pp. 228-249.

P. Krentz, "The Nature of Hoplite Battle" Classical Antiquity   4/1 (1985) 50-61.

P. Krentz, "Casualties in Hoplite Battle" GRBS 26, 1  (1985) 13-20.

Krentz, Peter, "Fighting by the Rules: the Invention of the Hoplite Agon," Hesperia 71 (2002), pp. 23-39.

Lorimer, H. L., "The Hoplite Phalanx," ABSA 42 (1947) ***

Luginbill, R.D., "Othismos:  the importance of the mass-shove in hoplite warfare," Phoenix 48/1 (1994), 651-61.

Manti, Peter A., "The Sarissa of the Macedonian Infantry," Ancient World 23 (1992), pp. 30-42.

Mixter, John R., "The Length of the Macedonian Sarissa During the Reigns of Philip II and Alexander the Great," Ancient World 23 (1992), pp. 21-29.

Ober, Josiah, "Hoplites and Obstacles," in  V.D. Hanson, Hoplites

Snodgrass, A.M., "The Hoplite Reform Revisisted," Dialogues d'histoire ancienne 19 (1993), pp. 47-61.

van Wees, H., "The Development of the Hoplite Phalanx: Iconography and Reality in the Seventh Century," in H. van Wees (ed.),  War and Violence in Classical Greece, London 2000., pp. 125-166.

Naval History

Brewster, Frank, "The Arrangement of Oars in the Trireme," Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 44 (1933) 205-225.

Cartault, A., La Trière athénienne, Paris, 1881.

Cook, A.B. & Richardson, W. "Triremes," in Classical Review 19 (1905) 371-77.

Holladay, A.J. "Further Thoughts on Trireme Tactics" G&R Oct., 1988 35,2 149-151.

Jordan, Boromir, The Athenian Navy in the Classical Period:  A Study of Athenian Naval Administration and  Military Organization in the Fifth and Fourth centuries B.C.  University of California Publications in Classical  Studies 13, Berkeley:  The University of California Press, 1975, 293pp.

Kopecky, Josef, Die attischen Trieren, Leipzig, 1890.

Köster, August, Das Antike Seewesen, Berlin, 1923.

Rogers, W.L., Greek and Roman Naval Warfare, Annapolis, 1937.

Starr,Chester, "The Ancient Warship," Classical Philology 35, 4 (Oct. 1940), pp. 353-374.

Tarn, W.,W., "The Greek Warship," Journal of Hellenic Studies 25 (1905), pp. 137-56;  204-24.

Tarn, W.W., Hellenistic Military and Naval Developments, Cambridge, 1930.

Tarn, W.,W, "The Oarage of Greek Warships," Mariner's Mirror 19 (1933), pp.52-74.

Torr, Cecil, Ancient Ships, Cambridge, 1894.

Welsh, Frank, Building a Trireme, London, 1988.

lntelligence

Gerolymatos, Andre, Espionage and Treason. A Study of the Proxenia in Political and Military Intelligence Gathering in Classical
    Greece, Amsterdam, 1986.

Krentz, Peter, "Deception in Archaic and Classical Greek Warfare, in H. van Wees (ed.) War and Violence in Ancient Greece, (Duckworth, 2000), pp. 201-32.

Roisman, Joseph, The General Demosthenes and His Use of Military Surprise, Stuttgart, 1993.

Russell, Frank Santi,, Information Gathering in Classical Greece. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 1999

Wheeler, E.L., Stratagem and the Vocabulary of Military Trickery, (Leiden, Brill)

Persian Wars - General

Caspari, M.O.B. "Stray Notes of the Persian Wars, JHS 31 (1911), pp.  100-109.

Grundy, G.B. The Great Persian War, London, 1901.

Highnett, C., Xerxes' Invasion of Greece, Oxford, 1963.

How, W.W. "Arms, Tactics and Strategy in the Persian War" JHS (1923) , pp. 117-133.

How, W.W., "Cornelius Nepos on Marathon and Paros," JHS 39 (1919)

Munro, J.A. R."Some Observations on the Persian Wars" JHS 19 (1899), pp.  185-197.

Munro, J.A. R."Some Observations on the Persian Wars" JHS 22 (1902), pp.  294-332.

Tarn, W.W. "The Fleet of Xerxes" JHS 28 (1908) 202-223.

Wardman, A.E. "Tactics and Tradition of the Persian Wars" Historia 8 (1959), pp. 49-60.

West, W.C., "The Trophies of the Persian Wars," CP 64 (1969), pp. 7-19.

Marathon

Baillie Reynolds, P.K. "The Shield Signal at the Battle of Marathon," JHS 49 (1929), 100-105.

Barron, J. P. "The Liberation of Greece," CAH 42, pp. 

     ABSA 80 (1985) 99-113.

Gomme, A.W. "Herodotus and Marathon" Phoenix 6(1952) 79.

Hammond, N.G.L. "The Campaign and Battle of Marathon," JHS 88(1968) 13-57.

Hammond, N.G.L. , "The Expedition of Datis and Artaphernes," CAH 42 , 491-506.

Hammond, N.G.L. , "The Expedition of Xerxes," CAH 42, 518ff.

How, W.W. , Cornelius Nepos on Marathon and Paros" JHS 39 (1919) 48-61.

Hudson, Harris Gary, "The Shield Signal at Marathon," American Historical Review 42 (1936-37), pp. 359-443.

McCulloch, H. Jr., "Herodotus, Marathon, and Athens" Symbolae Osloenses 57(1982) 35-55.

Markov,Walter, Battles of World History, New York, 1979.

Maurice, F., "The Campaign of Marathon," JHS 52 (1932).

Munro, J.A.R. "Marathon" in CAH IV, 229-67.

Oliver, James H., "the Monument with the Marathon Epigrams," Hesperia 5 (1936), pp. 225-234.

Oliver, James H., "The Marathon Epigrams," AJPh 56 (1936) 193-201.

Prost, F., "Les combatants de Marathon: Ideologie et societe hoplitiques a Athenes au Ve siecle," in F. Prost, Armees et societees de la Grece classique, Paris, 1999, pp. 69-88.

Vanderpool, E., "A Monument to the Battle of Marathon," Hesperia 35 (1966), p. 93-106.

van Wees, H., "The Homeric Way of War: The Iliad and the Hoplirtwe Phalanx," G&R 41 (1994), pp. 1-18, `131-155.

Whatley, N. "On the Possibility of Reconstructing Marathon and Other Ancient Battles" JHS 84 (1964) 119-139.

Thermopylae

Bradford, Ernle,  Thermopylae:  The Battle for the West

Buck, Robert J., "Boeotians at Thermopylae," AHB 1,3 (May 1987), 54ff.

Bury, J.B. "The Campaign of Artemesium and Thermopylae," Annual of the British School at Athens 2 (1895/96), 83ff.

Curchin, L.A., "The Unburied Dead at Thermopylae," AHB 9,2 (April/June1995), 68ff.

Evans, J.A.S., "The Final Problem at Thermopylae," GRBS 5,4 (Winter, 1964), pp. 231ff.

Kraft, John C., "The Pass at Thermopylae, Greece," Journal of Field Archaeology 14,2 (Summer, 1987) pp. 181ff.

Last, Hugh,M. "Thermopylae," Classical Review 57 (1943) pp. 63ff.

Martin, Hugh, "The Beaten Army at Thermpylae," United Service Magazine n.s. 15 =121 ((April 1987), pp. 576 ff.

Prentice, W.K., "Thermopylae," Classical Review 57,2 (Sept. 1943), 63-66.

Pritchett, W. Kendrick, "New Light on Thermypylae," AJA 62,2 (April, 1958), 203-213.

Rosser, J. "The role of the Great Isthmus corridor in the Slavonic invasions of Greece" ByzF 9 (1985) 245-253.

Sacks, Kenneth K., "Herodotus and the Dating of the Battle of Thermopylae," Classical Quarterly n.s. 26,2 (1976) pp. 232ff.

Stanford, W.B., "Epitaph on the Slain at Thermopylae," Hermathena 55 (1940), pp. 90ff.

Szemler, G.J., Cherf, W.J. and Kraft, J.C., Thermopylai.  Myth and Reality in 480 B.C., Chicago: Ares, 1996.

Wallace, Paul W., "The Anopaia Path and Thermopylae," AJA 84,1 (January 1980), pp. 15-23.

Artemesium

Wallace, P.W. "Aphetai and the Battle of Artemesion": Stud pres. to S. Dow 305-310 Rigsby, K.J. GRBS Suppl 1984.

Salamis

cf. Markov, Battles of World History, New York, 1979.

Green, Peter The Year of Salamis, London, 1970.

- - - - - - - - - - - . Xerxes at Salamis

Plataea

Grundy, G. B. The Topography of the Battle of Plataea, London, 1894.

Hunt, P., "Helots at the Battle of Plataea," Historia 46 (1997), pp. 129-144.

J.F. Lazenby, The Spartan Army, Warminster, England, Aris & Phillips 1985, Chapter 5

H.B. Wright, The Campaign of Plataea, New Haven, 1904.

Mycale

MacDougall, I., "The Persian Ships at Mycale," in Essays Presented to K.J.Dover, pp. 143-149.

Peloponnesian Wars

Kagan, Donald, The Archidamian War,  Ithaca, 1974.

Kagan, Donald, The Peace of Nicias and the Sicilian Expedition

Kagan, Donald, The Fall of the Athenian Empire

Kagan, Donald, The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War

Panagopoulos, "Fugutives and Refugees in the PeloponnesianWar" EEAth xxvii 1979 [1980] 247-296.

Strauss, B.S. Athens After the Peloponnesian War, reviewed by A.M. Devine in CP 83(1988).

 

Sphacteria

 

Sicilian Expedition

Green, Peter The Armada from Athens London, 1971.

Kagan, Donald, The Peace of Nicias and the Sicilian Expedition Ithaca, 1981.

Arginuae

Aegospotami

Bourriot, Felix, "Xenophon et la bataille d'Aegos Potamos," SEJG 31 (1989-1990), pp. 49-64.

Strauss, B.S. "Aegospotami reexamined" AJPh 104(1983) 24-35.

Strauss, B.S. "A Note on the Topography and Tactics of the Battle of Aegospotami" AJPh 108/4(1987) 741-745.

Wylie, G. "What really happened at Aegospotami?" AC 55 (1986) 125-141.

Xenophon

Prevas, John, Xenophon's March into the Lair of the Persian Lion, Da Cap Press, 2002.

Sparta and the Spartan Hegemony

Cadmea

Leuctra

Cartledge, Paul, The Spartans: the world of the warrior-heroes of ancient Greece from utopia to crisis and collapse. Overlook Press, 2003.

David, E. Sparta Between Empire and Revolution (404-243 B.C.) International Problems and their impact on centemporary Greek consciousness, Monograph in Class. Stud. New York, Arno Press 1981.

Westlake, H.D. "Spartan Intervention in Asia 400-397 B.C. Historia 35 (1986) 405-426.

Theban Hegemony

Mantinea

Buckler, J. "Epaminondas and the embolon" Phoenix 39 (1985) 134-143.

Buckler, John The Theban Hegemony 371-362 B.C. Cambridge, MA 1980.

Devine, A.M. "EMBOLON: A Study in Tactical Terminology," Phoenix 37 (1983) 201-217.

Macedonia - General

Andronicos, M., "Sarissa", BCH 94 (1970) 91-107.

Hammond, N. G. L., "Training in the Use of Sarissa and its Effects in Battle," Journal of the Australian Society for Classical Studies 14 (1980).

Hammond, N. G. L. "The Macedonian Defeat Near Samarkand," Ancient World 22,2 (1991) 41-47.

Hammond, N. G. L., "The Various Guards of Philip II and Alexander III," Historia 40 (1991) 396-418.

Head, D.  Armies of the Macedonian and Punic Wars, 359 BC to 146 BC, 1982.

Manti, Peter A. , "The Sarissa of the Macedonian Infantry," The Ancient World 23, 2 (1992) 31-42.

Manti, Peter A. , "The Cavalry Sarissa," The Ancient World 8 (1983) 73-80.

Markle, Minor M. III, "The Macedonian Sarissa , Spear , and Related Armor," AJA 81 (1977) 323

Sacred Wars

Olynthian Wars

Chaeronea

Soteriades, G. "Das Schlachtfeld von Charonea," Att.Mitt. 29 (1903) 301-330.

Alexander - General

Adams, W.L.T. "Antipater and Cassander. Generalship on restricted sources in the 4th century" Ancient World 10, (1984) 79-88.

Barker, Philip, Alexander the Great's Campaigns, Cambridge, 1979.

Baynham, E., Alexander the Great:  The Unique History of Quintus Curtius, Ann Arbor:  University of Michigan Press, 1998.

Bose, Partha, Alexander the Great's Art of Strategy, Penguin, 2003.

Devine, A.M. The Tactical Terminology of Arrian and Diodorus Siculus: Towards a Reappraisal of the Generalship of Alexander the Great and His Successors (Diss. Cambridge, 1984.

Hammond, N.G.L. Alexander, the Great: King, Commander and Statesman, Park Ridge, NJ 1980.

Engels, Donald W. Alexander the Great and the Logistics of the Macedonian Army Berkeley, 1978.

Fuller, J.F.C. The Generalship of Alexander the Great , London, 1958 and Rutgers 1960.

Milns, R. D., Alexander's Macedonian Cavalry and Diodorus xvii 17.4 , The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 86. (1966), pp. 167-168.

Sekunda, Nick & McBride, Angus, The Army of Alexander the Great London, Osprey Men-at-War Series No. 148.

Aegean

Thomassen, L.A. "The Aegean War of Alexander the Great 333-331 B.C." Thesis, Pennsylvania State University, 1984. Summary in MAb 24 (1986) 26.

Egypt

Devine, A.M. "Diodorus' Account of the Battle of Gaza" Acta Classica 27 (1984) 31-40.

Romane, Patrick, "Alexander's Siege of Gaza," Ancient World 18 (Fall, 1988) 21-20.

Tyre

Patrick Romane, "Alexander's Siege of Tyre", Ancient World Vol. 6, No. 3-4 (Winter, 1987) 79-90.

Granicus

Barker, Philip, Alexander the Great's Campaigns, Cambridge, 1979.

Devine, A.M. "Demythologizing the Battle of the Granicus," Phoenix 40 (1986).

Devine, A.M., "A Pawn Sacrifice at the Battle of the Granicus," Ancient World 18, 1-2 (Fall, 1988) 3-20

E. Badian, "The Battle of the Granicus: A New Look" Ancient Macedonia 2 (Institute for Balkan Studies 155: Thessaloniki 1977 271-293.

Nikolitsis, N. T., "The Battle of Granicus," Skrifter Utgivna av Svenska Institutet i Athen XXI n. 4 (1974)

Issus

Barker, Philip, Alexander the Great's Campaigns, Cambridge, 1979.

Devine, A.M. "The Location of the Battle of Issus" LCM 5(1980) 3-10.

Devine, A.M. The Strategies of Alexander the Great and Darius III in the Battle of Issus campaign" Ancient World 12(1985) 25-38.

Devine,A.M. "Grand Tactics at the Battle of Issus" Ancient World 12 (1985) 39-59.

Glover, R.F. "The Tactical Handling of the Elephant" G&R 17 (1948) 1-11.

Glover,R. "The Elephant in Ancient Warfare" CJ 39 (1943-44) 257-269.

Janke, A. "Die Schlacht bei Issus" Klio 10 (1910) 137-177.

 

Gaugamela

cf. Markov

Barker, Philip, Alexander the Great's Campaigns, Cambridge, 1979.

Devine, A.M. "The Battle of Gaugamela: A Tactical and Source-Critical Study," Ancient World 13 (1986) 87-116.

Fuller, J.F. C., The Generalship of Alexander the Great, (1960) pp. 167-74.

Griffith,G.T. "Alexander's Generalship at Gaugamela", JHS 67 (1947) 77-89.

Marsden, E.W. The Campaign of Gaugamela, Liverpool, 1964.

 

Indian Campaign

Eggermont, Alexander's Campaigns in Sind and Baluchistan and the Siege of the Brahmin Town of Harmatelia, Louvain, 1975.

Devine, A.M. "The Battle of Hydaspes: A Tactical and Source Critical Study," AncW 14 (1987).

Ipsus

B. Bar Kockva, The Seleucid Army: Organization and Tactics in the Great Campaigns Cambridge, 1976.

Paraitacene

Devine, A.M. "Diodorus' Account of the Battle of Paraitacene (317 B.C.) Ancient World 12 (1985) 75-86.

Gabiene

Devine, A.M. "Diodorus' Account of the Battle of Gabiene" Ancient World 12 (1985) 87-96.

Hellenistic Age - General

Austin, M.M. "Hellenistic kings, war, and the economy" CQ 36 (1986) 450-466.

Gabbert, J.J., "Piracy in the early Hellenistic Period," G&R 33 (1986) 156-163.

War of the Successors

Billows, R.A. Antigonos the One-Eyed and the Creation of the Hellenistic State Diss. University of California, Berkeley, 1985 DA XLVI 1986 2779 A.

 

Last updated on 12 November 2007 by Col. Sheldon

"Espionage is practiced occasionally by spies, and all the time by neighbors, relatives, and colleagues"